Skip to main content
Log in

Physician Retention in Rural Alberta: Key Community Factors

  • Qualitative Research 2008
  • Student Award Winner
  • Published:
Canadian Journal of Public Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

As part of a larger case study exploring physician retention factors and strategies employed by rural communities, the objective of this analysis was to explore the community factors that promoted physician retention.

Methods

A qualitative, collective case study design was employed to study four rural communities (cases) in Alberta that retained family physicians for four years or longer. Participants included physicians, staff members, spouses and community members (all were patients from the communities studied). Communities were selected through a retention-specific matrix; each quadrant represented a particular community typology. Case data collected from interviews, documents and observations were analyzed, and similarities and differences among cases were assessed.

Results

A range of community factors that could influence physicians’ decisions to stay in a particular community were described by participants. Four themes, Appreciation, Connection, Active Support and Physical/Recreational Assets, were positively related to physician retention in the four communities studied. These community factors existed to different degrees but were present in all communities. Reciprocity was a fifth factor that emerged in three of the four communities studied.

Conclusion

Physicians, policy-makers, community members and health care professionals are encouraged to consider the community domain when planning and implementing strategies to retain rural physicians and other health care professionals. The four communities studied were able to promote retention of their primary care physicians by showing appreciation to them, building connections with them and their families, actively supporting their physicians and local health facilities, maintaining and improving local physical/recreational amenities, and nurturing reciprocal rapport with physicians.

Résumé

Objectifs

Dans le cadre d’une vaste étude de cas sur les facteurs et les stratégies de fidélisation des médecins en milieu rural, nous avons voulu analyser les facteurs communautaires qui favorisent le maintien en poste de ces médecins.

Méthode

Nous avons mené une étude qualitative et collective dans quatre communautés rurales de l’Alberta (les « cas ») ayant conservé leurs médecins de famille quatre ans et plus. Les participants étaient des médecins, des membres du personnel, des conjoints et des résidents (tous des patients des communautés à l’étude). Les communautés ont été choisies selon une matrice portant spécifiquement sur la fidélisation; chaque quadrant représentait une typologie communautaire particulière. Nous avons recueilli les données au moyen d’entretiens, de documents et d’observations, analysé ces données, puis évalué les similitudes et les différences entre les cas.

Résultats

Les participants ont cité divers facteurs communautaires ayant pu influencer la décision des médecins de rester dans une communauté donnée. Quatre thèmes (appréciation, relations, soutien actif et équipements physiques/récréatifs) étaient positivement liés à la fidélisation des médecins dans les quatre communautés étudiées. Ces facteurs étaient présents à différents degrés dans toutes les communautés. Un cinquième facteur, la réciprocité, était présent dans trois des quatre communautés.

Conclusion

Nous encourageons les médecins, les stratèges, les résidents et les professionnels de la santé à tenir compte de l’aspect communautaire lorsqu’ils planifient et mettent en œuvre des stratégies pour fidéliser les médecins et autres professionnels de la santé en milieu rural. Les quatre communautés à l’étude ont réussi à fidéliser leurs médecins de premier recours en leur montrant leur appréciation, en tissant des relations avec eux et leurs familles, en appuyant activement leurs médecins et leurs établissements de santé locaux, en entretenant et en améliorant les équipements physiques et récréatifs locaux et en entretenant des rapports de réciprocité avec les médecins.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ministerial Advisory Council on Rural Health. Rural Health in Rural Hands: Strategic Directions for Rural, Remote, Northern and Aboriginal Communities. Ottawa, ON: Ministerial Advisory Council on Rural Health, Health Canada, 2002;1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hays R, Wynd S, Veitch C, Crossland L. Getting the balance right? GPs who chose to stay in rural practice. Aust J Rural Health 2003;11(4):193–98.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Pathman DE, Konrad TR, Dann R, Koch G. Retention of primary care physicians in rural health professional shortage areas. Am J Public Health 2004;94(10):1723–29.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Richards HM, Farmer J, Selvaraj S. Sustaining the rural primary healthcare workforce: Survey of healthcare professionals in the Scottish Highlands. Rural Remote Health 2005;5(1):365.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Romanow RJ. Building on Values: The Future of Health Care in Canada - Final Report. Ottawa: Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Pitblado RJ, Pong RW, Irvine A, Nagarajan KV, Sahai V, Zelmer J, et al. Assessing rural health: Toward developing health indicators for rural Canada. Sudbury, ON: Centre for Rural and Northern Health Research, Laurentian University, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Statistics Canada. Portrait of the Canadian Population in 2006: Subprovincial Population Dynamics. 2008. Available at: https://doi.org/www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/as-sa/97-550/p11-eng.cfm. (Accessed February 3, 2008).

    Google Scholar 

  8. du Plessis V, Beshiri R, Bollman RD, Clemenson H. Definitions of rural. Rural Small Town Canada Analysis Bull 2001;3(3):1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Buske LM, Yager SN, Adams OB, Marcus L, Lefebvre FA. Rural Community Development Tools from the Medical Perspective: A National Framework of Rurality and Projections of Physician Workforce Supply in Rural and Remote Areas of Canada. Report to Health Canada. 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  10. National Physician Survey. Canadian Medical Association. 2007. Available at: https://doi.org/www.nationalphysiciansurvey.ca (Accessed March 28, 2008).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Pong RW, Pitblado RJ. Geographic distribution of physicians in Canada: Beyond how many and where. Ottawa: Canadian Institute for Health Information, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Williams AM, Cutchin MP. The rural context of health care provision. J Interprofessional Care 2002;16(2):107–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Gil-Soo H, Humphreys JS. Integration and retention of international medical graduates in rural communities: A typological analysis. J Sociol 2006;42(2):189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Williams ES, Konrad TR, Scheckler WE, Pathman DE, Linzer M, McMurray JE, et al. Understanding physicians’ intentions to withdraw from practice: The role of job satisfaction, job stress, mental and physical health. Health Care Manage Rev 2001;26(1):7–19.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Wade ME, Brokaw JJ, Zollinger TW, Wilson JS, Springer JR, Deal DW, et al. Influence of hometown on family practitioner’s choice to practice in rural settings. J Family Med 2007;49(4):246–52.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Pope ASA, Grams GD, Whiteside CBC, Kazanjian A. Retention of rural physicians: Tipping the decision-making scales. Can J Rural Med 1998;3(4):209–16.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Cameron PJ. Physician Retention in Four Rural Communities in Alberta: A Collective Case Study. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Yin RK. Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Stake RE. The Art of Case Study Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kamien M. Staying in or leaving rural practice: 1996 outcomes of rural doctors’ 1986 intentions. Med J Aust 1998;169(6):318–21.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. West PA, Norris TE, Gore EJ, Baldwin LM, Hart LG. The geographic and temporal patterns of residency-trained family physicians: University of Washington Family Practice Residency Network. J Am Board Fam Pract 1996;9(2):100–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Patton MQ. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods, 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Miles MB, Huberman AM. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Merriam SB. Qualitative Research and Case Study Applications in Education, 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Thommasen HV, Berkowitz J, Gryzbowski S. Community factors associated with long-term physician retention. BC Med J 2000;42(9):426–29.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Backer EL, McIlvain HE, Paulman PM, Ramaekers RC. The characteristics of successful family physicians in rural Nebraska: A qualitative study of physician interviews. J Rural Health 2006;22(2):189–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. MacIsaac P, Snowdon T, Thompson R, Crossland L, Veitch C. General practitioners leaving rural practice in Western Victoria. Aust J Rural Health 2000;8(2):68–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Phillips DM, Dunlap PG. Physician recruitment and retention. National Rural Health Association. 1998. Available at: https://doi.org/www.nrharural.org/dc/issuepapers/ipaper13.html (Accessed March 28, 2008).

    Google Scholar 

  29. C.A. MacDonald & Associates. Physician retention in rural Alberta: An update of pockets of good news (1994). Prepared for the Rural Physician Action Plan, Edmonton, AB, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Pathman DE, Steiner BD, Jones BD, Konrad TR. Preparing and retaining rural physicians through medical education. Acad Med 1999;74(7):810–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Gardiner M, Sexton R, Durbridge M, Garrard K. The role of psychological well-being in retaining rural general practitioners. Aust J Rural Health 2005;13(3):149–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Jones JA, Humphreys JS, Adena MA. Rural GPs’ ratings of initiatives designed to improve rural medical workforce recruitment and retention. Rural Remote Health 2004;4(3):314.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Rabinowitz HK, Diamond JJ, Markham FW, Rabinowitz C. Long-term retention of graduates from a program to increase the supply of rural family physicians. Acad Med 2005;80(8):728–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David C. Este MSW, PhD.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cameron, P.J., Este, D.C. & Worthington, C.A. Physician Retention in Rural Alberta: Key Community Factors. Can J Public Health 101, 79–82 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03405568

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03405568

Keywords

Motsclés

Navigation