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‘Before You Teach Me, I Cannot Know’: Immigrant Women’s Barriers and Enablers With Regard to Cervical Cancer Screening Among Different Ethnolinguistic Groups in Canada

  • Qualitative Research
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Canadian Journal of Public Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

To describe the similarities and differences among multiple groups of immigrant women and Canadian-born women of low socio-economic status regarding barriers and enablers associated with cervical cancer screening, in order to inform core elements of a strategy that would be acceptable across multiple underscreened groups.

Method

Within a health behaviour framework, we used a qualitative explanatory multiple-case study approach consisting of focus group interviews (n=11) in Hamilton, Canada. Participants were newly immigrated (1–5 years) women and a group of Canadian-born women of low socio-economic status; all participants were in the age range 35–69 years and married. Language groups were Arabic, Cantonese, Somali, Dari (Afghanistan) and Spanish (Latin America). Two separate focus groups for each ethnolinguistic group were conducted; one in English and one in the native language. A template approach to analysis was used.

Results

All groups indicated a strong need for information on necessity of screening and on how the procedure is done. Use of a video and a group discussion format were desired strategies. Women had positive feelings about being proactive for their health even if prevention had not been the norm in their home countries. There were differences between groups with respect to preferring a female clinician, which was a higher priority than language congruence with the provider. Only Chinese and Arabic groups discussed embarrassment and modesty as barriers.

Conclusion

Addressing key knowledge gaps around cervical cancer screening through personal approaches, educational videos and invitations may be useful core strategies to remove stigma and fear around screening and improve uptake across multiple ethnic groups and in women of lower socio-economic status.

Résumé

Objectif

Décrire les ressemblances et les différences entre plusieurs groupes d’immigrantes et de femmes de faible statut socioéconomique nées au Canada en ce qui a trait aux obstacles et aux incitateurs associés au dépistage du cancer du col utérin, afin d’étayer les éléments de base d’une stratégie qui serait acceptable pour divers groupes de femmes sous-dépistées.

Méthode

Dans un cadre de comportements liés à la santé, nous avons mené une étude de cas à la fois qualitative et explicative axée sur des groupes de discussion (N=11) à Hamilton, au Canada. Les participantes étaient des femmes nouvellement immigrées (depuis 1 à 5 ans) et un groupe de femmes de faible statut socioéconomique nées au Canada; les participantes étaient toutes dans la plage d’âge de 35 à 69 ans et mariées. Les groupes linguistiques étaient l’arabe, le cantonais, le somali, le dari (Afghanistan) et l’espagnol (Amérique latine). Nous avons créé deux groupes de discussion distincts pour chaque groupe ethnolinguistique: l’un en anglais et l’autre dans la langue maternelle des participantes. Nous avons utilisé une analyse matricielle.

Résultats

Tous les groupes ont fait état d’un profond besoin d’information sur la nécessité du dépistage et sur la procédure. L’utilisation d’une vidéo et de la formule de discussion en groupe étaient les stratégies souhaitées. Les femmes avaient des sentiments positifs à l’idée de jouer un rôle proactif dans l’optimisation de leur santé, et ce, même si la prévention n’était pas la norme dans leur pays d’origine. Nous avons observé des différences entre les groupes en ce qui a trait à la préférence pour une clinicienne plutôt qu’un clinicien: c’était une plus haute priorité que le fait que le fournisseur parle la même langue que la patiente. Seuls les groupes de femmes d’origine chinoise et arabe ont cité la gêne et la modestie comme étant des obstacles au dépistage.

Conclusion

Combler les principales lacunes du dépistage du cancer du col utérin au moyen d’approches individualisées, de vidéos éducatives et d’invitations pourrait être une bonne stratégie de base pour effacer la stigmatisation et la peur qui peuvent entourer le dépistage et pour améliorer l’acceptation de cet outil à l’échelle de divers groupes ethniques et chez les femmes de faible statut socioéconomique.

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Correspondence to Lynda Redwood-Campbell MD, CCFP, FCFP, DTM&H, MPH.

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Redwood-Campbell, L., Fowler, N., Laryea, S. et al. ‘Before You Teach Me, I Cannot Know’: Immigrant Women’s Barriers and Enablers With Regard to Cervical Cancer Screening Among Different Ethnolinguistic Groups in Canada. Can J Public Health 102, 230–234 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03404903

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