Abstract
The formation of casting porosity is viewed as a nucleation and growth process with solidification shrinkage and gas precipitation as cooperative driving forces. Experimental evidence evaluating the individual contribution of each force confirms the major premise that microporosity is nucleated by gas precipitation. Additional data disclose the effects of the identity and quantity of gas, the temperature range of freezing, and the freezing rate upon the amount and distribution of porosity in light metal castings.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
W. A. Baker: Shrinkage and Gas Effects on the Casting of Non-Ferrous Metals and Alloys. British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association Series 661 (June 1944).
F. Sauerwald: The Shrinkage of Metals. Ztsch. Metallkunde (1929) 21, pp. 293–296.
Unsoundness in Light Alloys. Report by the Subcommittee on Shrinkage and Porosity, Aluminum and Magnesium Division of the American Foundrymen’s Association. Trans. A.F.A. (1946) 54, pp. 568–596.
H. Dobkin: Microporosity in Mg-Alloy Castings. Foundry (1946) 74 (10), pp. 98–101, 178, 180, 182.
C. J. Smithells: Gases and Metals. (1937) London. Chapman and Hall Ltd.
B. H. Alexander and F. N. Rhines: Dendritic Crystallization of Alloys. Trans. AIME (1950) 188, pp. 1267–1273; Journal of Metals (October 1950). B. H. Alexander: The Solidification of Metals and Dendrite Formation. Doctorate Thesis. Carnegie Institute of Technology. 1948.
N. P. Allen: The Effect of Pressure on the Liberation of Gases from Metals (With Special Reference to Silver and Oxygen). Journal Inst. Metals (1932) 49, pp. 317–346.
M. Volmer: Kinetik der Phasenbildung. (1939) Dresden and Leipzig. Theodor Steinkopfi.
A. Cibula and R. W. Rundle: The Effect of Grain Size on the Tensile Properties of High Strength Aluminum Casting Alloys. Journal Inst. Metals (1949) 17 (4), pp. 361–376.
L. W. Eastwood: Gas in Light Alloys. (1946) New York. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
A. Beck: (Quoting unpublished research of Voss kühler) The Technology of Magnesium and Its Alloys. p. 105 (1940) London. F. A. Hughes & Co., Ltd.
J. D. Edwards and T. A. Moormann: Density of Aluminum from 20° to 1000 °C. Chemical and Metal lurgical Engineering (Jan. 12, 1921) 24 (2), pp. 61–64.
J. L. Snoek: Density Variations in Aluminum. Philosophical Magazine (Nov. 1950) 41, pp. 1188–1192.
J. D. Haven, J. A. Davis, and L. W. Eastwood: Reduction of Microporosity in Magnesium-Alloy Castings. Trans. A.F.A. (1945) 53, pp. 180–189.
R. S. Busk, R. F. Marande, and W. C. Newhams: Effects of Gas on the Properties of Magnesium Sand Casting Alloys. Trans. A.F.A. (1945) 53, pp. 272–282.
A. Schneider and U. Esch: The Solubility of Sul phur Dioxide in Liquid Magnesium. Ztsch. Metall kunde (1940) 32(6), pp. 177–184.
R. S. Busk and E. G. Bobalek: Hydrogen in Magnesium Alloys. Trans. AIME (1947) 171, pp. 261–276; Metals Technology (October 1946).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
formerly Graduate Student, Carnegie Institute of Technology
Discussion on this paper, TP 3251 E, may be sent, 2 copies, to AIME by June 1, 1952. Manuscript, Sept. 13, 1951. New York Meeting, February 1952.
This paper represents part of a thesis by E. J. Whittenberger submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Science to the Graduate Committee of Carnegie Institute of Technology.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Whittenberger, E.J., Rhines, F.N. Origin of Porosity in Castings of Magnesium-Aluminum and Other Alloys. JOM 4, 409–420 (1952). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03397707
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03397707