Abstract
In a first experiment. pigeons were trained to discriminate two pairs of simultaneously presented stimuli. A+ C− and B+ D−. Both pairs were successively and repeatedly presented in every session. After the birds learned the two discriminations, both tasks were synchronously reversed (i.e., A− C+ and B− D+) several times. When reversal performance had stabilized, test reversal sessions were run in which one discrimination (the “leader” task, e.g., A+ C−) was presented for several trials before the second one (the “trailer” task, e.g., B+ C−) was introduced. The animals acquired the trailing task somewhat faster than the leading task, suggesting that associations A ↔ B and C ↔ D that had built up between the stimuli forming the two discrimination pairs were supporting a reversal transfer. A second experiment showed that further reversal experience with a discrimination where the constituent stimuli were presented compounded (AB+Cd− or Ab−Cd+) as well as singly, enhanced the transfer between leading and trailing tasks in subsequent test sessions. A third experiment showed that the same pigeons learned half reversals involving only one discrimination (for example by switching from A+ B−, C+ D− to A− B+, C+ D−) more slowly than full reversals involving both discriminations. These results support the hypothesis that pigeons can associate stimuli that have concordant reinforcement histories. When a reinforcement allocation change causes a change in responding to one stimulus of such an association, pigeons tend to generalize that response change to the other stimulus.
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Part of the research, done while the authors were at the Psychology Institute, University of Bochum, was preliminarily presented in Ameling (1987). We are grateful to A. Lohmann for essential assistance with the experiments, to Dr. J. Emmerton for a computer program and improving an early draft, and to A. Niemuth for help with the manuscript. While being engaged in this research S. E. G. Lea and J. E. R. Staddon held Alexander von Humboldt awards. The work was supported by a Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grant to J. D. Delius.
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Delius, J.D., Ameling, M., Lea, S.E.G. et al. Reinforcement Concordance Induces and Maintains Stimulus Associations in Pigeons. Psychol Rec 45, 283–297 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395933
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395933