Abstract
The contributions of J. R. Kantor and his system of interbehavioral psychology to the field of behavior analysis are examined. Two sources of information served to organize this investigation: (1) the historical record as described in the literature and (2) the results of a questionnaire survey sent to past and present editorial board members of the Journal for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, and Behaviorism. The outcome of this investigation showed that Kantor has had a broader influence than might heretofore have been recognized. More importantly, contemporary behavior analytic research and theory are evolving in directions either influenced by, or consonant with, his approach. We conclude that Kantor’s interbehavioral psychology and his writings offer an important and valuable source of ideas and concepts for the future of behavior analysis.
Similar content being viewed by others
Reference Notes
Delprato, D. J. Interbehavioral psychology as a palliative to the excesses of cognitionism. In P. T. Mountjoy (Chair), Radical behaviorism and interbehavioral psychology. Symposium presented at the meeting of the Association for Behavior Analysis, Dearborn, May, 1980.
McKearney J. W. Organism-environment relations in the analysis of behavior. In E. K. Morris (Chair), The relevance of interbehavioral psychology for behavioral research. Symposium presented at the meeting of the Association for Behavior Analysis, Milwaukee, May, 1981.
Mountjoy, P. T. The interrelationship between interbehavioral psychology and radical behaviorism. In P. T. Mountjoy (Chair), Radical behaviorism and interbehavioral psychology. Symposium presented at the meeting of the Association for Behavior Analysis, Dearborn, May, 1980.
Parrott, L. J. Beyond radical behaviorism: The interbehavioral alternative. Paper presented at the meeting of the Association for Behavior Analysis, Dearborn, May, 1980.
Dinsmoor, J. A. 1947–1950: The first CEAB’s. In D. F. Hake & S. Kendall (Chairs), Some reflections on the development of behavior analysis. Symposium presented at the meeting of the Association for Behavior Analysis, Dearborn, Michigan, May, 1980.
Morris, E. K., Higgins, S. T., & Bickel, W. K. Cogniphilia and cogniphobia in behavioral science. Paper presented at the meeting of the Association for Behavior Analysis, Milwaukee, May, 1982.
Bijou, S. W. Child development and interbehavioral psychology. In E. K. Morris (Chair), The relevance of interbehavioral psychology for behavioral research. Symposium presented at the meeting of the Association for Behavior Analysis, Milwaukee, May 1981.
References
Aguirre Munoz, A. H., Schoenfeld, W. H., y Cole, B. K. Los sistemas t-T: El punto de vista parametrics. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 1975, 1, 159–167.
Bernstein, D. J., & Ebbesen, E. B. Reinforcement and substitution in humans: A multiple-response analysis. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1976, 30, 243–253.
Bijou, S. W. Child development: The basic stage of early childhood. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1976.
Bijou, S. W. Interbehavior analysis of developmental retardation. The Psychological Record, 1981, 31, 305–329.
Bijou, S. W., & Baer, D. M. Child development I: A systematic and empirical theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1961.
Bijou, S. W., & Baer, D. M. Child development II: Universal stage of infancy. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1965.
Bijou, S. W., & Baer, D. M. Behavior analysis of child development. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1978.
Brady, J. V. Toward a behavioral theory of emotion. In L. Levi (Ed.), Emotions: Their parameters and measurements. New York: Raven Press, 1975.
Branch, M. N. On the role of “memory” in the analysis of behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1911, 28, 171–179.
Bronfenbrenner, U. The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Boston: Harvard University Press, 1979.
Brown, P. L., & Jenkins, H. M. Auto-shaping of the pigeon’s key-peck. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1968, 11, 1–8.
Burgess, R. L., & Akers, R. L. Are operant procedures tautological? The Psychological Record, 1966, 16, 305–312.
Cabrer, R., Daza, B. C., y Ribes, E. Teoria de la conducta: ¿Nuevos conceptos o nuevos parametros? Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 1975, 1, 191–213.
Cairns, R. B. Social development: The origins and plasticity of interchanges. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1979.
Capshew, J. H., & Hearst, E. Psychology at Indiana University: From Bryan to Skinner. Psychological Record, 1980, 30, 319–342.
Cook, S. W., & Skinner, B. F. Some factors influencing the distribution of associated words. Psychological Record, 1939, 3, 178–184.
Day, W. F. The historical antecedents of contemporary behaviorism. In R. W. Rieber & K. Salzinger (Eds.), Psychology: Theoretical-historical perspectives. New York: Academic Press, 1980.
Dixon, L. S. The nature of control by spoken words over visual stimulus selection. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1977, 27, 433–442.
Ekehammer, B. Interactionism in personality from a historical perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 1914, 81, 1026–1048.
Epstein, R., Lanza, R. P., & Skinner, B. F. “Self-awareness” in the pigeon. Science, 1981, 212, 695–696.
Etzel, B. C., Bickel, W. K., Stella, M. E., & LeBlanc, J. M. The assessment of problem solving skills of atypical children. Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 1982, 2, 187–206.
Etzel, B. C., LeBlanc, J. M., & Baer, D. M. (Eds.), New developments in behavioral research: Theory, method, and application. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1977.
Falk, J. L. The nature of determinants of adjunctive behavior. Physiology and Behavior, 1971, 6, 577–588.
Ferster, C. B., & Simmons, J. Behavior therapy with children. The Psychological Record, 1966, 16, 65–72.
Ferster, C. B., & Skinner, B. F. Schedules of reinforcement. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1957.
Fodor, J. A. The mind-body problem. Scientific American, 1981, 244, 114–123.
Fuller, P. R. Operant conditioning of a vegetative human organism. American Journal of Psychology, 1949, 62, 587–590.
Fuller, P. R. Professors Kantor and Skinner—The “Grand Alliance” of the 40’s. Psychological Record, 1973, 23, 318–324.
Gardner, M. L., & Malgodi, E. F. Responding under sequence schedules of electric shock presentation. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1981, 35, 323–334.
Gewirtz, J. L. Some contextual determinants of stimulus potency. In R. D. Parke (Ed.), Recent trends in social learning theory. New York: Academic Press, 1972.
Gibbs, J. C. The meaning of ecologically oriented inquiry in contemporary psychology. American Psychologist, 1979, 34, 127–140.
Gibson, J. J. The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1979.
Grosch, J., & Neuringer, A. Self-control in pigeons under the Mischel paradigm. Journal of the Experimental Anlaysis of Behavior, 1981, 35, 3–21.
Grossberg, J. M. Comments about cognitive therapy and behavior therapy. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 1981, 7, 25–33.
Hake, D. F., & Olvera, D. Cooperation, competition, and related social phenomena. In A. C. Catania & T. A. Brigham (Eds.), Handbook of applied behavior analysis: Social and instructional processes. New York: Irvington, 1978.
Hake, D. F., & Schmid, T. L. Acquisition and maintenance of trusting behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1981, 35, 109–124.
Hamm, R. J., Porter, J. H., & Kaempf, G. L. Stimulus generalization of schedule-induced polydipsia. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1981, 36, 93–99.
Handy, R. The Dewey-Bentley transactional procedures of inquiry. Psychological Record, 1973, 23, 305–317.
Heron, W. T., & Skinner, B. F. Changes in hunger during starvation. Psychological Record, 1937, 1, 51–60.
Heron, W. T., & Skinner, B. F. An apparatus for the experimental study of animal behavior. Psychological Record, 1939, 3, 166–176.
Heron, W. T., & Skinner, B. F. The rate of extinction in maze-bright and maze-dull rats. Psychological Record, 1940, 4, 11–18.
Homme, L. E. Perspectives in psychology: XXIV. Control of coverants, the operants of the mind. The Psychological Record, 1965, 15, 501–511.
Hulse, S. H., Fowler, H., & Honig, W. K. (Eds.), Cognitive process in animal behavior. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1978.
Kanfer, F. H., & Karoly, P. Self-control: A behavioristic excursion into the lion’s den. Behavior Therapy, 1972, 3, 398–416.
Kanfer, F. H., & Phillips, J. S. Learning foundations of behavior therapy. New York: John Wiley, 1970.
Kantor, J. R. Suggestions toward a scientific interpretation of perception. Psychological Review, 1920, 27, 191–216. (a)
Kantor, J. R. A functional interpretation of human instincts. Psychological Review, 1920, 27, 50–72. (b)
Kantor, J. R. In defense of stimulus-response psychology. Psychological Review, 1933, 40, 324–336.
Kantor, J. R. Objective psychology of grammar. Bloomington, Indiana: Principia Press, 1936.
Kantor, J. R. Psychology and logic, Vol. 1. Bloomington, Indiana: Principia Press, 1945.
Kantor, J. R. Problems in physiological psychology. Bloomington, Indiana: Principia Press, 1947.
Kantor, J. R. Psychology in logic, Vol. 2. Bloomington, Indiana: Principia Press, 1950.
Kantor, J. R. Interbehavioral psychology. Granville, Ohio: Principia Press, 1959.
Kantor, J. R. The scientific evolution of psychology, Vol. I. Granville, Ohio: Principia Press, 1963.
Kantor, J. R. Feelings and emotions as scientific events. The Psychological Record, 1966, 16, 377–404.
Kantor, J. R. The scientific evolution of psychology, Vol. II. Granville, Ohio: Principia Press, 1969.
Kantor, J. R. An analysis of the experimental analysis of behavior (TEAB). Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1970, 13, 101–108.
Kantor, J. R. The aim and progress of psychology and other sciences. Chicago, Ill.: Principia Press, 1971.
Kantor, J. R. Psychological linguistics. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 1975, 1, 249–269.
Kantor, J. R. Evolution and revolution in the philosophy of science, Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 1977, 3, 7–16. (a)
Kantor, J. R. Adaptations as events and as theory. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 1977, 3, 139–149. (b)
Kantor, J. R. Experimentation: The acme of science. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 1978, 4, 5–15. (a)
Kantor, J. R. The principle of specificity in psychology and science in general. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 1978, 4, 117–132. (b)
Kantor, J. R. The role of cognitive institutions in psychology and other sciences. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 1979, 5, 7–20. (a)
Kantor, J. R. Wundt, experimental psychology, and natural science. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 1979, 5, 117–129. (b)
Kantor, J. R. Perceiving as science and as traditional dogma. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 1980, 6, 3–16. (a)
Kantor, J. R. Manifesto of interbehavioral psychology. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 1980, 6, 117–128. (b)
Kantor, J. R. Interbehavioral philosophy. Chicago: Principia Press, 1981.
Katz, R. C., & Zlutnick, S. Behavior therapy and health care: Principles and application. New York: Pergamon Press, 1975.
Keehn, J. D. Beyond an interactional model of personality: Transactionalism and the theory of reinforcement schedules. Behaviorism, 1980, 8, 55–65.
Kelleher, R. T., & Morse, W. H. Schedules using noxious stimuli, III: Responding maintained with response produced electric shocks. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1968, 11, 819–838.
Keller, F. S., & Schoenfeld, W. S. Principles of psychology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prenctice-Hall, 1950.
Killeen, P., Wald, B., & Cheney, C. D. Observing behavior and information. The Psychological Record, 1980, 30, 131–190.
Kitchener, R. F. Behavior and behaviorism. Behaviorism, 1977, 5, 11–71.
Krasner, L. An interview with Sidney W. Bijou. In B. C. Etzel, J. M. LeBlanc, & D. M. Baer (Eds.), New developments in behavioral research: Theory, methods, and application. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1977.
Krasner, L. History of a revolutionary paradigm? Review of A. E. Kazdin’s History of behavior modification. Contemporary Psychology, 1979, 24, 1–2.
Krechevsky, I. Review of Skinner’s The Behavior of Organisms. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1939, 34, 404–407.
Lachman, R., Lachman, J. L., & Butterfield, E. C. Cognitive psychology and information processing: An introduction. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1979.
LaShier, C. J. B. F. Skinner on motivation: A critique. The Interbehaviorist, 1974, 5(1), 4–9.
Lee, V. L. Prepositional phrases spoken and heard. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1981, 35, 227–242.
Lichtenstein, P. E. Discussion: “Contextual Interactionists.” Psychological Record, 1973, 23, 325–333.
Lowe, C. F. Determinants of human operant behavior. In M. D. Zeiler & P. Harzem (Eds.), Reinforcement and the organization of behavior. New York: John Wiley, 1979.
MacDonald, J. D. Language through conversation: A communication model for language intervention. In S. F. Warren & A. Rogers-Warren (Eds.), Teaching functional language. Baltimore: University Park Press, in press.
McKearney, J. W., & Barrett, J. E. Schedule-controlled behavior and the effects of drugs. In D. E. Blackman & D. J. Sanger (Eds.), Contemporary research in behavioral pharmacology. New York: Plenum, 1978.
Michael, J. Distinguishing between discriminative and motivational functions of stimuli. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1982, 57, 149–155.
Moore, J. On the principle of operationism in a science of behavior. Behaviorism, 1975, 3, 120–138.
Moore, J. On behaviorism and private events. The Psychological Record, 1980, 30, 459–475.
Moore, J. On mentalism, methodological behaviorism, and radical behaviorism. Behaviorism, 1981, 9, 55–77.
Morris, E. K. Some relationships between inter-behavioral psychology and radical behaviorism. Behaviorism, in press.
Morris, E. K., Higgins, S. T., & Bickel, W. K. Comments on cognitive science in the experimental analysis of behavior. The Behavior Analyst, 1982, 5(2), in press.
Morris, E. K., Hursh, D. E., Winston, A. S., Gelfand, D. M., Hartmann, D. P., Reese, H. W., & Baer, D. M. Behavior analysis and developmental psychology. Human Development, in press.
Morse, W. H., & Kelleher, R. T. Determinants of reinforcement and punishment. In W. K. Honig & J. E. R. Staddon (Eds.), Handbook of operant behavior. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977.
Mountjoy, P. T. Science in psychology: J. R. Kantor’s field theory. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 1976, 2, 3–21.
Neitzel, M. T., Winett, R. A., McDonald, M. L., & Davidson, W. S. Behavioral approaches to community psychology. New York: Pergamon Press, 1977.
Nevin, J. A. Editorial. Journal of the Experimental Anlaysis of Behavior, 1980, 33, i–ii.
Overton, W. F., & Reese, H. W. Models of development: Methodological implications. In J. R. Nesselroade & H. W. Reese (Eds.), Life-span development psychology: Methodological issues. New York: Academic Press, 1973.
Parsons, J. A., Taylor, D. C., & Joyce, T. M. Precurrent self-prompting operants in children: “Remembering.” Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1981, 36, 253–266.
Pepper, S. C. World hypotheses. Berkeley, Ca.: University of California Press, 1942.
Picker, M., Poling, A., & Parker, A. A review of children’s self-injurious behavior. The Psychological Record, 1979, 29, 435–452.
Powell, R. P., & Still, A. W. Behaviorism and the psychology of language: An historical reassessment. Behaviorism, 1979, 7, 71–89.
Premock, M., & Klipec, W. D. The effects of modifying consummatory behavior on the topography of the autoshaped pecking response in pigeons. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1981, 36, 277–284.
Pronko, N. H. Psychology from the standpoint of an interbehaviorist. Monterey, Ca.: Brooks/Cole, 1980.
Reese, H. W., & Overton, W. F. Models of development and theories of development. In L. R. Goulet & R. B. Baltes (Eds.), Life-span developmental psychology: Research and theory. New York: Academic Press, 1970.
Ribes, E. The development of grammatical language in children: A theoretical and experimental analysis. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 1979, 5, 83–112.
Ribes, E., y Cantú, E. Efectos del reforzamiento de respuestas fragmentarias en el “uso” del género del articula en niños preescolares. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 1978, 4, 29–40. (a)
Ribes, E., y Cantú, E. Efectos de la instigacion en el “uso” generativo de partículas gramaticales: Adquisicion o mantenimiento? Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 1978, 4, 59–66. (b)
Ribes, E., Daza, B. C., López, F., y Martínez, P. Efectos del reforzamiento no contingente y demorado en dos respuestas concurrentes. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 1978, 4, 141–154.
Rogers-Warren, A., & Warren, S. F. (Eds.), Ecological perspectives in behavior analysis. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1977.
Salzinger, K. Inside the black box, with apologies to Pandora. A review of Ulric Neisser’s Cognitive psychology. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1973, 19, 369–378.
Sarbin, T. R. Contextualism: A world view for modern psychology. In A. W. Landfield (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Vol. 24). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1977.
Schnaitter, R. Private causes. Behaviorism, 1978, 6, 1–12.
Schoenfeld, W. N. J. R. Kantor’s Objective Psychology of Grammar and Psychology and Logic: A retrospective appreciation. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1969, 12, 329–347.
Schoenfeld, W. N., & Cumming, W. W. Behavior and perception. In S. Koch (Ed.), Psychology: A study of a science (Vol. 5). New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963.
Shimp, C. P. Organization in memory and behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1976, 26, 113–130.
Sizemore, O. J., & Lattal, K. A. Dependency, temporal continguity, and response-independent reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1977, 27, 119–125.
Sidman, M. Remarks. Behaviorism, 1979, 7, 123–126.
Sidman, M., & Tailby, W. Conditional discrimination vs. matching to sample: An expansion of the testing paradigm. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1982, 37, 5–22.
Skinner, B. F. The concept of the reflex in the description of behavior. Journal of General Psychology, 1931, 5, 427–458.
Skinner, B. F. The generic nature of the concepts of stimulus and response. Journal of General Psychology, 1935, 12, 40–65.
Skinner, B. F. The distribution of associated words. Psychological Record, 1937, 1, 71–76.
Skinner, B. F., & Heron, W. T. The effects of caffeine and benzedrine upon conditioning and extinction. Psychological Record, 1937, 1, 340–346.
Skinner, B. F. The behavior of organisms. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1938.
Skinner, B. F. The alliteration in Shakespeare’s sonnets: A study in literary behavior. Psychological Record, 1939, 3, 186–192.
Skinner, B. F. Waiden two. New York: MacMillan, 1948.
Skinner, B. F. Science and human behavior. New York: MacMillan, 1953.
Skinner, B. F. Verbal behavior. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1957.
Skinner, B. F. B. F. Skinner. In E. G. Boring & G. Lindzey (Eds.), A history of psychology in autobiography. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1967.
Skinner, B. F. Contingencies of reinforcement. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1969.
Skinner, B. F. Cumulative record. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1972.
Skinner, B. F. About behaviorism. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1974.
Skinner, B. F. Why I am not a cognitive psychologist. Behaviorism, 1977, 5, 1–10.
Skinner, B. F. The shaping of a behaviorist. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1979.
Skinner, B. F. Selection by consequences. Science, 1981, 213, 501–504.
Smith, N. W. The works of J. R. Kantor: Pioneer in scientific psychology. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 1976, 2, 137–148.
Stephenson, W. Postulates of behaviorism. Philosophy of Science, 1953, 20, 110–120.
Staddon, J. E. R. On the notion of cause, with applications to behaviorism. Behaviorism, 1973, 1, 25–63.
Staddon, J. E. R., & Simmelhag, V. L. The “superstition” experiment: A reexamination of its implications for the principles of adaptive behavior. Psychological Review, 1971, 78, 3–43.
Ulrich, R., Stachnik, T., & Mabry, J. (Eds.), Control of human behavior. Glen view, Ill.: Scott, Foresman and Co., 1966.
Verhave, T., & Owen, J. E. The effects of Bulbo capine administrtion on avoidance behavior. The Psychological Record, 1958, 8, 49–52.
Verplanck, W. S., Burrhus, F. Skinner. In W. K. Estes, S. Koch, K. MacCorquodale, P. E. Meehl, C. G. Mueller, W. N. Schoenfeld, & W. S. Verplanck (Eds.), Modern learning theory: A critical analysis of five examples. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1954.
Vukelich, R., & Hake, D. F. Basic research in a natural setting: Auditing or social comparison behavior as a function of class rank. The Psychological Record, 1980, 30, 17–24.
Wahler, R. G., & Fox, J. J. Setting events in applied behavior analysis: Toward a conceptual and methodological expansion. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1981, 14, 327–338.
Wasserman, E. A. Comparative psychology returns: A review of Hulse, Fowler, and Honig’s Cognitive processes in animal behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1981, 35, 243–257.
Winokur, S. Skinner’s theory of behavior. An examination of B. F. Skinner’s Contingencies of reinforcement: A theoretical analysis. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1971, 15, 253–259.
Wolf, M. M. Social validity: The case for subjective measurement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1978, 11, 203–214.
Zuriff, G. E. Radical behaviorist epistemology. Psychological Bulletin, 1980. 87, 337–350.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Morris, E.K., Higgins, S.T. & Bickel, W.K. The Influence of Kantor’s Interbehavioral Psychology on Behavior Analysis. BEHAV ANALYST 5, 159–173 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03392384
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03392384