Conclusions
With a precise calculation of the different materials to be charged into the converter, the steelmaker is able to increase noticeably the regularity of his metallurgical operations.
Dynamic control is necessary if the aim is the steering of the main reactions during the refining operation.
In the present report, a dynamic model has been described which calculates the amounts of oxygen transferred to carbon, silicon and iron during the entire blow.
It has been shown that the influence of parameters such as lime dissolution rate, slag-metal-gas emulsion formation, scrap type, etc., is as important for the evolution of the reactions as that of the usually quoted variations of the lance height and of the oxygen flow.
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Nilles, P., Denis, E.M. Problems of Oxygen Transfer in BOF Steelmaking. JOM 21, 74–79 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03378902
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03378902