Abstract
Porous SnO2 nanostructures with controlled shapes were synthesized by a facile morphologically conserved transformation from SnC2O4 precursor approach. Well-defined SnC2O4 nanostructures can be obtained through a solution-based precipitation process at ambient conditions without any surfactant. The formation mechanism of such microstructures was tentatively proposed on the basis of intrinsic crystal structure and the reaction conditions. We found that the morphologies of precursor were well maintained while numerous pores were formed during the annealing process. The combined techniques of X-ray diffraction, nitrogen absorption-desorption, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and (high-resolution) transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the as-prepared SnO2 products. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry (CV) study shows that the shape of CV presents a current response like roughly rectangular mirror images with respect to the zero-current line without obvious redox peaks, which indicating an ideal capacitive behavior of the SnO2 electrodes. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum study suggests that the as-obtained porous SnO2 nanostructures might have a large number of defects, vacancies of oxygen, and local lattice disorder at the interface, interior and exterior surfaces.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
E. N. Dattoli, Q. Wan, W. Guo, Y. B. Chen, X. Q. Pan and W. Lu, Nano Lett. 7, 2463 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0712217
Y. Idota, T. Kubota, A. Matsufuji, Y. Maekawa and T. Miyasaka, Science 276, 1395 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5317.1395
S. Gubbala, V. Chakrapani, V. Kumar and M. K. Sunkara, Adv. Funct. Mater. 18, 2411 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200800099
A. Heilig, N. Barsan, U. Weimar, M. Schweizer-Berberich, J. W. Gardner and W. Gopel, Sens. Actuators B 43, 45 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4005(97)00096-8
X. G. Han, M. S. Jin, S. F. Xie, Q. Kuang, Z. Y. Jiang, Y. Q. Jiang, Z. X. Xie and L. S. Zheng, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48, 9180 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200903926
H. G. Yang and H. C. Zeng, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43, 5930 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200461129
L. Vayssieres and M. Graetzel, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43, 3666 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200454000
B. Cheng, J. M. Russell, W. S. Shi, L. Zhang and E. T. Samulski, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 5972 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0493244
M. S. Park, G. X. Wang, Y. M. Kang, D. Wexler, S. X. Dou and H. K. Liu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46, 750 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200603309
S. Mathur, S. Barth, H. Shen, J. C. Pyun and U. Werner, Small 1, 713 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.200400168
M. Law, H. Kind, B. Messer, F. Kim and P. D. Yang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 41, 2405 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20020703)41:13<2405::AID-ANIE2405>3.0.CO;2-3
X. W. Lou, Y. Wang, C. L. Yuan, J. Y. Lee and L. A. Archer, Adv. Mater. 18, 2325 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200600733
Q. R. Zhao, Y. Gao, X. Bai, C. Z. Wu and Y. Xie, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 1643 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200500975
Y. Wang, H. C. Zeng and J. Y. Lee, Adv. Mater. 18, 645 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200501883
Z. H. Wen, Q. Wang, Q. Zhang and J. H. Li, Adv. Funct. Mater. 17, 2772 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200600739
G. J. D. Soler-illia, C. Sanchez, B. Lebeau and J. Patarin, Chem. Rev. 102, 4093 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr0200062
T. Waltz, B. Becker, T. Wagner, T. Sauerwald, C. D. Kohl and M. Tiemann, Sens. Actuators B 150, 788 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2010.08.001
J. F. Ye, H. J. Zhang, R. Yang, X. G. Li and L. M. Qi, Small 6, 296 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.200901815
J. H. Ba, J. Polleux, M. Antonietti and M. Niederberger, Adv. Mater. 17, 2509 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200501018
L. Jin, L. P. Xu, C. Morein, C. H. Chen, M. Lai, S. Dharmarathna, A. Dobley and S. L. Suib, Adv. Funct. Mater. 22, 3373 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201001080
Y. L. Wang, X. C. Jiang and Y. N. Xia, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 16176 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja037743f
J. R. Huang, K. Yu, C. P. Gu, M. H. Zhai, Y. J. Wu, M. Yang and J. H. Liu, Sens. Actuators B 147, 467 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2010.03.085
C. Yu, L. Zhang, J. Shi, J. Zhao, J. Gao and D. Yan, Adv. Funct. Mater. 18, 1544 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200701052
H. Sun, S. Z. Kang and J. Mu, Mater. Lett. 61, 4121 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2007.01.034
C. K. Xu, G. D. Xu, Y. K. Liu, X. L. Zhao and G. H. Wang, Scripta Mater. 46, 789 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00077-5
H. Sun, S. Z. Kang and J. Mu, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. 30, 466 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932690802548916
L. Y. Jiang, X. L. Wu, Y. G. Guo and L. J. Wan, J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 14213 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp904209k
Y. P. Fang, A. W. Xu, L. P. You, R. Q. Song, J. C. Yu, H. X. Zhang, Q. Li and H. Q. Liu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 13, 955 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200304470
J. Tang and A. P. Alivisatos, Nano Lett. 6, 2701 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0615930
D. W. Wang, Q. H. Wang, T. M. Wang, Nanotechnology 22, 135604 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/22/13/135604
D. B. Zhang, L. M. Qi, J. M. Ma and H. M. Cheng, Cryst. Eng. Comm. 4, 536 (2002). doi:10.1039/b207956a
M. S. Wu, H. H. Hsieh, Electrochim. Acta. 53, 3427 (2008).
Z. R. Dai, Z. W. Pan, Z. L. Wang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 13, 9 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200390013
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Q., Wang, D. & Wang, T. Shape-controlled Synthesis of Porous SnO2 Nanostructures via Morphologically Conserved Transformation from SnC2O4 Precursor Approach. Nano-Micro Lett. 3, 34–42 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03353649
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03353649