Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Account
Menu
Find a journal Publish with us Track your research
Search
Saved research
Cart
  1. Home
  2. Business Research
  3. Article

Emergence of Financial Intermediaries in Electronic Markets: The Case of Online P2P Lending

  • Article
  • Open access
  • Published: 07 March 2014
  • Volume 2, pages 39–65 (2009)
  • Cite this article

You have full access to this open access article

Download PDF
Save article
View saved research
Business Research
Emergence of Financial Intermediaries in Electronic Markets: The Case of Online P2P Lending
Download PDF
  • Sven C. Berger1 &
  • Fabian Gleisner1 
  • 14k Accesses

  • 216 Citations

  • 6 Altmetric

  • Explore all metrics

Abstract

We analyze the role of intermediaries in electronic markets using detailed data of more than 14,000 originated loans on an electronic P2P (peer-to-peer) lending platform. In such an electronic credit market, lenders bid to supply a private loan. Screening of potential borrowers and the monitoring of loan repayment can be delegated to designated group leaders. We find that these market participants act as financial intermediaries and significantly improve borrowers’ credit conditions by reducing information asymmetries, predominantly for borrowers with less attractive risk characteristics. Our findings may be surprising given the replacement of a bank by an electronic marketplace.

Article PDF

Download to read the full article text

Similar content being viewed by others

The Financial Intermediary Role of Peer-To-Peer Lenders

Chapter © 2021

User Data Can Tell Defaulters in P2P Lending

Article 05 February 2018

The Financial Intermediation Role of the P2P Lending Platforms

Article 04 January 2018

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, books and news in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.
  • Banking
  • Financial Services
  • Intermediality
  • Microfinance
  • Sociology of the Financial Market
  • Financial Technology and Innovation

References

  • Agarwal, Sumit and Robert B. Hauswald (2008): The Choice between Arm’s-Length and Relationship Debt: Evidence from Eloans, American Finance Association (Annual Meeting) 2008: New Orleans.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akerlof, George A. (1970): The Market for “Lemons”: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84 (3): 488–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, Gordon J., Jonathan D. Jones, and Peter J. Nigro (1997): Investor Self-Selection: Evidence from a Mutual Fund Survey, Managerial & Decision Economics, 18 (7/8): 719–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, Franklin and Anthony M. Santomero (1998): The Theory of Financial Intermediation, Journal of Banking & Finance, 21 (11–12): 1461–1485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, Franklin and Anthony M. Santomero (2001): What do Financial Intermediaries Do?, Journal of Banking & Finance, 25 (2): 271–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armendariz de Aghion, Beatriz (1999): On the Design of a Credit Agreement with Peer Monitoring, Journal of Development Economics, 60 (1): 79–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avery, Robert B., Raphael W. Bostic, Paul S. Calem, and Glenn B. Canner (1996): Credit Risk, Credit Scoring and the Performance of Home Mortgages, Federal Reserve Bulletin, 82: 621–648.

    Google Scholar 

  • Avery, Robert B., Raphael W. Bostic, Paul S. Calem, and Glenn B. Canner (2003): An Overview of Consumer Data and Credit Reporting, Federal Reserve Bulletin, 89 (2): 47–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Avery, Robert B., Paul S. Calem, and Glenn B. Canner (2004): Consumer Credit Scoring: Do Situational Circumstances matter?, Journal of Banking & Finance, 28 (4): 835–856.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakos, Yannis (1991): A Strategic Analysis of Electronic Marketplaces, MIS Quarterly, 15 (3): 295–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakos, Yannis (1998): The Emerging Role of Electronic Marketplaces on the Internet, Communications of the ACM, 41 (8): 35–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belsley, David A., Edwin Kuh, and Roy E. Welsch (1980): Regression diagnostics: identifying influential data and sources of collinearity, Wiley: New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, Robert I. and Rolf T. Wigand (2005): Electronic Markets and Virtual Value Chains on the Information Superhighway, Sloan Management Review, 36 (2): 62–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, Allen N., Nathan H. Miller, Mitchell A. Petersen, Raghuram G. Rajan, and Jeremy C. Stein (2005): Does Function Follow Organizational Form? Evidence from the Lending Practices of Large and Small banks, Journal of Financial Economics, 76 (2): 237–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Besley, Timothy and Stephen Coate (1995): Group Lending, Repayment Incentives and Social Collateral, Journal of Development Economics, 46 (1): 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya, Sudipto and Gabriella Chiesa (1995): Proprietary Information, Financial Intermediation, and Research Incentives, Journal of Financial Intermediation, 4 (4): 328–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya, Sudipto and Anjan V. Thakor (1993): Contemporary Banking Theory, Journal of Financial Intermediation, 3 (1): 2–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bjorklund, Anders and Robert Moffitt (1987): The Estimation of Wage Gains and Welfare Gains in Self-Selection Models, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 69 (1): 42–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruene, Jim (2007): Person-to-Person Lending 2.0: Disruptive Service or Market Niche?, Online Financial Innovations, Online Banking Report: Seattle.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chircu, Alina M. and Robert J. Kauffman (2000): Reintermediation Strategies in Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 4 (4): 7–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury, Prabal Roy (2005): Group-Lending: Sequential Financing, Lender Monitoring and Joint Liability, Journal of Development Economics, 77 (2): 415–439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cordella, Antonio A. C. (2006): Transaction Costs and Information Systems: Does IT add up?, Journal of Information Technology, 21 (3): 195–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cramér, Harald (1991): Mathematical methods of statistics, Princeton Univ. Press, 9 (18), Princeton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowe, Christopher and Rodney Ramcharan (2009): House Prices and Household Credit Access, Evidence From Prosper.Com, Working Paper, International Monetary Fund.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Agostino, Ralph B. (1998): Propensity Score Methods for Bias Reduction in the Comparison of a Treatment to a Non-randomized Control Group, Statistics in Medicine, 17 (19): 2265–2281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Datta, Pratim and Sutirtha Chatterjee (2008): The economics and psychology of consumer trust in intermediaries in electronic markets: the EM-Trust Framework, European Journal of Information Systems, 17 (1): 12–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, Kevin (2001): Credit Union Governance and Survival of the Cooperative Form, Journal of Financial Services Research, 19 (2/3): 197–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Bondt, Gabe J. (2005): Interest Rate Pass-Through: Empirical Results for the Euro Area, German Economic Review, 6 (1): 37–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dewatripont, Mathias and Jean Tirole (1994): The Prudential Regulation of Banks, MIT Press: Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, Douglas W. (1984): Financial Intermediation and Delegated Monitoring, The Review of Economic Studies, 51 (3): 393–414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drucker, Steven and Manju Puri (2005): On the Benefits of Concurrent Lending and Underwriting, Journal of Finance, 60 (6): 2763–2800.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elyasiani, Elyas and Lawrence G. Goldberg (2004): Relationship Lending: a Survey of the Literature, Journal of Economics & Business, 56 (4): 315–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, Philip B. and Thomas S. Wurster (1997): Stratsegy and the New Economics of Information, Harvard Business Review, 75 (5): 70–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Everett, Craig R. (2008): Group Membership, Relationship Banking and Default Risk: The Case of Online Social Lending, Working Paper, SSRN.

    Google Scholar 

  • Federal Reserve (2008): Consumer Credit September 2008, Federal reserve statistical release G.19: Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, Seth and Ginger Zhe Jin (2008): Do Social Networks Solve Information Problems for Peer-to-Peer Lending? Evidence from prosper.com, Working Paper, SSRN.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freund, Rudolf Jakob and Ramon C. Littell (2000): SAS System for regression, 3, SAS Institute: Cary, N.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gartner Inc. (2008): Gartner Says Social Banking Platforms Threaten Traditional Banks for Control of Financial Relationships, Gartner, http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=597907.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gensler, Sonja, Bernd Skiera, and Martin Böhm (2005): Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Matching Methode zur Berücksichtigung von Selbstselektion, Journal für Betriebswirtschaft, 55 (1): 37–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grieger, Martin (2003): Electronic Marketplaces: A Literature Review and a Call for Supply Chain Management Research, European Journal of Operational Research, 144 (2): 280–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagel, John and Marc Singer (1999): Net Worth: Shaping Markets when Customers make the Rules, Harvard Business School Press: Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heckman, James J. (1979): Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error, Econometria, 47 (1): 153–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heckman, James J. and Richard Robb Jr. (1985): Alternative Methods for Evaluating the Impact of Interventions, Journal of Econometrics, 30 (1/2): 239–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herzenstein, Michal, Rick Andrews, Utpal M. Dholakia, and Evgeny Lyandres (2008): The Democratization of Personal Consumer Loans? Determinants of Success in Online Peer-to-Peer Lending Communities, Working Paper, SSRN.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hulme, Michael K. and Collette Wright (2006): Internet Based Social Lending: Past, Present and Future, Social Futures Observatory: London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kent, John T. (1982): Robust Properties of Likelihood Ratio Test, Biometrika, 69 (1): 19–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klemperer, Paul (2004): Auctions: Theory and Practice, Princeton Univ. Press: Princeton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kline, Rex B. (2004): Beyond Significance Testing: Reforming Data Analysis Methods in Behavioral Research, American Psycholog. Assoc., 1: Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leland, Hayne E. and David H. Pyle (1976): Informational Asymmetries, Financial Structure, and Financial Intermediation, Journal of Finance, 32 (2): 371–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malone, Thomas W., Joanne Yates, and Robert I. Benjamin (1987): Electronic Markets and Electronic Hierarchies, Communications of the ACM, 30 (6): 484–497.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Methlie, Leif B. and Per E. Pedersen (2002): A Taxonomy of Intermediary Integration Strategies in Online Markets, Proceedings of 15th Bled Electronic Commerce Conference.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, Thomas (2007): The Power of People: Online P2P Lending Nibbles at Banks’ Loan Business, E-Banking Snapshot 22, Deutsche Bank Research: Frankfurt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nellis, Joseph G., Kathleen M. McCaffery, and Robert W. Hutchinson (2000): Strategic Challenges for the European Banking Industry in the New Millennium, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 18 (2): 53–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olshavsky, Richard W. (1980): Time and the Rate of Adoption of Innovations, Journal of Consumer Research, 6 (4): 425–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paris, Quirino (2001): Multicollinearity and maximum entropy estimators, Economics Bulletin, 3: 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, Mitchell A. and Raghuram G. Rajan (1994): The Benefits of Lending Relationships: Evidence from Small Business Data, Journal of Finance, 49 (1): 3–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pope, Devin G. and Justin R. Sydnor (2008): What’s in a Picture? Evidence of Discrimination from Prosper.com, Working Paper, SSRN.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prescott, Edward S. (1997): Group Lending and Financial Intermediation: An Example, Economic Quarterly, 83 (4): 23–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prosper Marketplace (2007): Learn about Credit Grades, http://www.prosper.com/help/topics/borrower-credit _grades.aspx (Access Date: 2007-08-16).

    Google Scholar 

  • Prosper Marketplace (2007): What’s New on Prosper?, http://www.prosper.com/help/topics/whats_new.aspx (Access Date: 2007-09-12).

    Google Scholar 

  • Prosper Marketplace Inc. (2008): Prosper Filing Registration Statement; Enters Quiet Period, http://www.prosper.com/help/topics/lenderquiet_period.aspx (Access Date: 2009-02-17).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravina, Enrichetta (2008): Love & Loans: The Effect of Beauty and Personal Characteristics in Credit Markets, Working Paper, SSRN.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riley, John G. (1975): Competitive Signalling, Journal of Economic Theory, 10 (2): 174–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbaum, Paul R. and Donald B. Rubin (1983): The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects, Biometrika, 70 (1): 41–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothschild, Michael and Joseph Stiglitz (1976): Equilibrium in Competitive Insurance Markets: An Essay on the Economics of Imperfect Information, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 90 (4): 629–649.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, Donald B. (1979): Using Multivariate Matched Sampling and Regression Adjustment to Control Bias in Observational Studies, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74 (366): 318–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santomero, Anthony M. (1984): Modeling the Banking Firm: A Survey, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 16 (4): 576–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar, Mitrabarun, Brian Butler, and Charles Steinfield (1998): Cybermediaries in Electronic Marketspace: Toward Theory Building, Journal of Business Research, 41 (3): 215–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, Reinhard H., Andreas Hackethal, and Marcel Tyrell (1999): Disintermediation and the Role of Banks in Europe: An International Comparison, Journal of Financial Intermediation, 8 (1/2): 36–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Segev, Arie, Judith Gebauer, and Frank Farber (1999): Internet-based Electronic Markets, Electronic Markets, 9 (3): 138–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sen, Ravi and Ruth C. King (2003): Revisit the Debate on Intermediation, Disintermediation and Reinterme-diation due to E-commerce, Electronic Markets, 13 (2): 153–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spence, Michael (1973): Job Market Signaling, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87 (3): 355–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steelmann, Aaron (2006): Bypassing Banks, Region Focus, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, 10 (3): 37–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stiglitz, Joseph E. (1990): Peer Monitoring and Credit Markets, Review of Social Economy, 4 (3): 351–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, Ryland A. (1971): The Credit Union as A Cooperative Institution, Review of Social Economy, 29 (2) 207–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tidwell, Lisa C. and Joseph B. Walther (2002): Computer-mediated Communication Effects on Disclosure, Impressions, and Interpersonal Evaluations: Getting to Know one Another a Bit at a Time, Human Communication Research, 28: 317–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tirole, Jean (1991): Collusion and the Theory of Organizations, Jean-Jaques Laffont (ed.): Advances in Economic Theory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 151–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tirole, Jean (1996): A Theory of Collective Reputations (with applications to the persistence of corruptions and to firm quality), The Review of Economic Studies, 63 (214): 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Titus, Marvin (2007): Detecting Selection Bias, Using Propensity Score Matching, and Estimating Treatment Effects: an Application to the Private Returns to a Master’s Degree, Research in Higher Education, 48 (4): 487–521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varian, Hal R. (1990): Monitoring Agents With Other Agents, Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 146 (1): 153–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, Haibin (2006): An Empirical Comparison of Credit Spreads between the Bond Market and the Credit Default Swap Market, Journal of Financial Services Research, 29 (3): 211–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zumpano, Leonard V., Harold W. Elder, and Edward A. Baryla (1996): Buying a House and the Decision to Use a Real Estate Broker, The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 13 (2): 169–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Goethe University & E-Finance Lab Frankfurt, Germany

    Sven C. Berger & Fabian Gleisner

Authors
  1. Sven C. Berger
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fabian Gleisner
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sven C. Berger.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Berger, S.C., Gleisner, F. Emergence of Financial Intermediaries in Electronic Markets: The Case of Online P2P Lending. Bus Res 2, 39–65 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03343528

Download citation

  • Received: 07 July 2008

  • Accepted: 05 March 2009

  • Published: 07 March 2014

  • Issue date: May 2009

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03343528

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

Keywords

  • Asymmetric information
  • intermediation
  • social lending
  • electronic markets

Advertisement

Search

Navigation

  • Find a journal
  • Publish with us
  • Track your research

Footer Navigation

Discover content

  • Journals A-Z
  • Books A-Z
  • Subjects A-Z

Publish with us

  • Journal finder
  • Publish your research
  • Language editing
  • Open access publishing

Products and services

  • Our products
  • Librarians
  • Societies
  • Partners and advertisers

Our brands

  • Springer
  • Nature Portfolio
  • BMC
  • Palgrave Macmillan
  • Apress
  • Discover

Corporate Navigation

  • Your US state privacy rights
  • Accessibility statement
  • Terms and conditions
  • Privacy policy
  • Help and support
  • Legal notice
  • Cancel contracts here

Not affiliated

Springer Nature

© 2026 Springer Nature