Skip to main content
Log in

Core beliefs and social anxiety in the eating disorders

  • Brief Report
  • Published:
Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Social anxiety is a common comorbid problem in the eating disorders. The present study investigated whether specific types of core beliefs are common in eating-disordered individuals presenting with high levels of social anxiety. The participants were a group of 191 women meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV (DSM-IV) criteria for an eating disorder. Young’s Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S) was used as a measure of core beliefs, while a brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (Brief FNE) was used as a measure of social anxiety. The results showed that eating-disordered individuals with high levels of comorbid social anxiety report higher levels of socially-oriented core beliefs (abandonment; defectiveness/shame) than those who experience low levels of social anxiety. The findings highlight the potential importance of addressing core beliefs in specific groups of eating-disordered individuals. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. Washington, Am. Psychiatr. Assoc., 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Leahy R.L., Holland S.J.: Treatment plans and interventions for depression and anxiety disorders. New York, Guilford Press, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Hinrichsen H., Wright F., Waller G., Meyer C.: Social anxiety and coping strategies in the eating disorders. Eat. Behav., 4, 117–126, 2003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Brewerton T.D., Lydiard R. B., Ballenger J.C., Herzog D.B.: Eating disorders and social phobia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 50, 70, 1993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Godart N.T., Flament M.F., Lecrubier Y., Jeammet P.: Anxiety disorders in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: Co-morbidity and chronology of appearance. Eur. Psychiatry, 15, 38–45, 2000.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bulik C.M.: Anxiety, depression, and eating disorders. In: Treasure J., Schmidt U., van Furth E. (Eds.), Handbook of eating disorders. Chichester UK, Wiley, 2003, pp. 193–198.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cooper M.J.: Cognitive theory in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A review. Behav. Cogn. Psychother., 25, 113–145, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Cooper M.J., Wells A., Todd G.: A cognitive model of bulimia nervosa. Br. J. Clin. Psychol., 43, 1–16, 2004.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hollon S.D., Beck A.T.: Cognitive and cognitive-behavioural therapies. In: Bergin A.E., Garfield S.L. (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavioral change. New York, Wiley, 1994, pp. 428–466.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Meyer C., Waller G., Waters A.: Emotional states and bulimic psychopathology. In: Hoek H.W., Treasure J.L., Katzman M.A. (Eds.), Neurobiology in the treatment of eating disorders. Chichester, UK, Wiley, 1998, pp. 271–289.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Agras W.S., Walsh B.T., Fairburn C.G., Wilson G.T., Kraemer H.C.: A multicenter comparison of cognitivebehavioural therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 57, 459–466, 2000.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Cooper M.J., Todd G., Wells A.: Content, origins, and consequences of dysfunctional beliefs in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. J. Cogn. Psychother., 12, 213–230, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Waller G., Ohanian V., Meyer C., Osman S.: Cognitive content among bulimic women: The role of core beliefs. Int. J. Eat. Disord., 28, 235–241, 2000.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Beck J.S.: Cognitive therapy for challenging problems. New York, Guilford Press, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Young J.E., Klosko J., Weishaar M.: Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide. New York, Guilford Press, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Andrews B.: Bodily shame in relation to abuse in childhood and bulimia: A preliminary investigation. Br. J. Clin. Psychol., 36, 41–49, 1997.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Meyer C., Waller G.: Subliminal activation of abandonment- and eating-related schemata: Relationship with eating disordered attitudes in a non-clinical population. Int. J. Eat. Disord., 27, 328–334, 2000.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Patton C.J.: Fear of abandonment and binge eating: A subliminal psychodynamic activation investigation. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 180, 484–490, 1992.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. McManus F., Waller G., Chadwick P.: Biases in the processing of different forms of threat in bulimic and comparison women. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 184, 547–554, 1996.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Steiger H., Gauvin L., Jabalpurwala S., Seguin J.R., Stotland S.: Hypersensitivity to social interactions in bulimic syndromes: Relationship to binge eating. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol., 67, 765–775, 1999.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Leary M.R.: A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull., 9, 371–376, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Watson D., Friend R.: Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol., 33, 448–457, 1969.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Mattick R.P., Clarke J.C.: Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behav. Res. Ther., 36, 455–470, 1998.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Stopa L., Clark D.M.: Social phobia: Comments on the viability and validity of an analogue research strategy and British norms for the Fear of Negative Evaluation Questionnaire. Behav. Cogn. Psychother., 29, 423–430, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Leary M.R.: Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (Brief FNE). In: Sajatovic M., Ramirez L.F. (Eds.), Rating scales in mental health. Hudson, OH, Lexi- Comp, 2001, pp. 47–48.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Young J.E.: Young Schema Questionnaire — Short Form (YSQ-S). New York, Cognitive Therapy Center of New York (Available at: http://www.schematherapy.com), 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Waller G., Babbs M., Milligan R.-J., Meyer C., Ohanian V., Leung N.: Anger and core beliefs in the eating disorders. Int. J. Eat. Disord., 34, 118–124, 2003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Fairburn C.G., Cooper Z., Shafran R.: Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: A ‘transdiagnostic’ theory and treatment. Behav. Res. Ther., 41, 509–528, 2003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Waller G.: Why do we diagnose different types of eating disorder? Arguments for a change in research and clinical practice. Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev., 1, 74–89, 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Rapee R.M., Sanderson W.C., Barlow D.H.: Social phobia symptoms across the DSM-III-Revised anxiety disorder categories. J. Psychopathol. Behav. Ass., 10, 287–299, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Padesky C.A.: Schema change processes in cognitive therapy. Clin. Psychol. Psychother., 1, 267–278, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Fennell M., Jenkins H.: Low self-esteem. In: Bennett-Levy J., Butler G., Fennell M., Hackmann A., Mueller M., Westbrook D. (Eds.), Oxford guide to behavioural experiments in cognitive therapy. Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press, 2004, pp. 413–430.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Arntz A., Weertman A.: Treatment of childhood memories: Theory and practice. Behav. Res. Ther., 37, 715–740, 1999.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hinrichsen H., Waller G.: The treatment of avoidant personality disorder in patients with eating disorders. In: Sansone R.A., Levitt J.L. (Eds.), Personality disorders and eating disorders: Exploring the frontier. New York, Brunner-Routledge, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Ghaderi A.: Does individualization matter? A randomized trial of standardized (focused) versus individualized (broad) cognitive behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa. Behav. Res. Ther., 44, 273–288, 2006.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hendrik Hinrichsen D.Clin.Psy..

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hinrichsen, H., Waller, G. & Dhokia, R. Core beliefs and social anxiety in the eating disorders. Eat Weight Disord 12, e14–e18 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03327776

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03327776

Key words

Navigation