Abstract
Biodiesel is an environmentally friend renewable diesel fuel alternative. Jatropha seeds can be a feedstock to produce a valuable amount of oil to be converted to biodiesel using transesterification reaction. Jatropha plant has been successfully grown in southern Egypt using primary treated municipal wastewater for its irrigation. Abench scale production of biodiesel from Jatropha oil (using methyl alcohol and sodium hydroxide as catalyst) was developed with methyl esters yield of 98 %. Biodiesel was produced on a pilot scale based on the bench scale experiment results with almost the same methyl esters yield of 98 %. The produced biodiesel was evaluated as a fuel and compared with petroleum diesel according to its physical and chemical parameters such as viscosity, flash point, pour point, cloud point, carbon residue, acid value and calorific value. The experimental techniques and product evaluation results show that such properties of the produced biodiesel are near to that of petroleum diesel. A mass balance representing the transesterification process is presented in this study. Glycerol of 85 % purity was produced and evaluated as a valuable byproduct of the process. Free fatty acids and sodium phosphate salts which have industrial interesting are also produced and evaluated.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alptekin, E.; Canakci, M., (2008). Characterization of the key fuel properties of methyl ester-diesel fuel blends. Fuel, 88(1), 75–80 (6 pages).
Antolin, G.; Tinaut, F. V.; Briceno, Y.; Castano, V.; Perez, C.; Ramirez, A. I., (2002). Optimisation of biodiesel production by sunflower oil transesterification. Bioresour. Tech., 83(2), 111–114 (4 pages).
Baldwin, J. D.; Kilmowski, C. H.; Keesy, M. A., (1982). Fuel additives for vegetable oil-fueled compression ignition engines. Vegetable oil fuels. Proceedings of the international conference on plant and vegetable oils as fuels, ASAE, 82(4), 224.
Boehman, A. L., (2005). Foreword biodiesel production and processing. Fuel Process. Tech., 86(10), 1057–1058 (2 pages).
Bouaid, A.; Diaz, Y.; Martinez, M.; Aracil, J., (2005). Pilot plant studies of biodiesel production using Brassica carinata as raw material. Catal. Today. 106(1–4), 193–196 (4 pages).
Dorado, M. P.; Ballesteros, E.; Lopez, F. J.; Mittelbach, M., (2004). Optimization of alkali-catalyzed transesterification of brassica oil for biodiesel production. Energ. Fuel, 18(1), 77–83 (7 pages).
Encinar, J. M.; Gonzalez, J. F.; Rodriguez-Reinares, A., (2007). Ethanolysis of used frying oils, biodiesel preparation and characterization. Fuel Proc. Tech., 88(5), 513–522 (10 pages).
Fuls, J.; Hawkins, C. S.; Hugo, F. J. C., (1984). Tractor engine performance on sunflower oil fuel. J. Agri. Eng., 30, 29–35 (7 pages).
Haas, M. J., (2005). Improving the economics of biodiesel production through the use of low value lipids as feedstock: Vegetable oil soapstock. Fuel Proc. Tech., 86(10) 1087–1096 (10 pages).
Kayasiri, P.; Jeyashoke, N.; Krisangkura, K., (1996). Survey of seed oils for use as diesel fuels. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 73(4), 471–474 (4 pages).
Knothe, G.; Steidley, K. R., (2005). Kinematic viscosity of biodiesel fuel components and related compounds. Influence of compound structure and comparison to petrodiesel fuel components, Fuel, 84(9), 1059–1065 (7 pages).
Ma, F.; Hanna, M. A., (1999). Biodiesel production: A review. Bioresour. Tech., 70(1) 1–15 (15 pages)
Meher, L. C.; Dharmagadda, S. S. V.; Naik, S. N., (2006a). Optimization of alkali-catalyzed transesterification of Pongamia pinnata oil for production of biodiesel. Bioresour. Tech., 97(12), 1392–1397 (6 pages)
Meher, L. C.; Sagar, D. V.; Naik S. N., (2006b). Technical aspects of biodiesel production by trasesrerification: A review. Renew Sust. Energ. Rev., 10(3) 248–268 (21 pages)
Peterson, C. L.; Wanger, G. L.; Auld, D. L., (1983). Vegetable oil substitutes for diesel fuel. T. ASAE, 26,(2), 322–327 (6 pages)
Phan, A. N.; Phan, T. M., (2008). Biodiesel production from waste cooking oils. Fuel, 87(17–18), 3490–3496 (7 pages)
Ryan, T. W.; Dodge, G.; Callahan, T. J., (1984). The effects of vegetable oil properties on injection and combustion in two different diesel engines. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 61(10) 1610–1619 (10 pages)
Saifuddin, N.; Chua, K. H., (2004). Production of ethyl ester (biodiesel) from used frying oils: Optimization transesterification process using microwave irradiation. Malaysian J. Chem., 6(1) 77–82 (6 pages)
Schlautman, N. J.; Schinstock, J. L.; Hanna M. A., (1986). Unrefined expelled soybean oil performance in a diesel engine. T. ASAE, 29(1), 70–73 (4 pages)
Srivastava, A.; Prasad, R., (2000). Triglycerides-based diesel fuels. Renew Sust. Energ. Rev., 4(2), 111–133 (23 pages)
Tiwari, A. K.; Kumar, A.; Raheman, H., (2007). Biodiesel production from jatropha oil (Jatropha curcas) with high free fatty acid: An optimized process. Biomass Bioenerg., 31(8) 569–575 (7 pages)
Tomasevic, A. V.; Siler-Marinkove, S. S., (2003). Methanolysis of used frying oil. Fuel Process. Tech., 81(1), 1–6 (6 pages)
Van Der Wat, A. N.; Hugo, F. J. C., (1982). Attempts to prevent injector cooking with sunflower oil by engine modifications and fuel additives. Vegetable Oil fuels, Proceedings of the international conference on plant and vegetable oils as fuels, ASAE, 82(4) 230.
Van Gerpen, J., (2005). Biodiesel processing and production. Fuel Proc. Tech., 86(10), 1097–1107 (11 pages).
Vicente, G.; Martinez, M.; Aracil, J., (2004). Integrated biodiesel production: A comparison of different homogeneous catalysts systems. Bioresour. Tech., 92(3), 297–305 (9 pages).
Wan Nik, W. B.; Ani, F. N.; Masjuki, H. H., (2005). Thermal stability evaluation of palm oil as energy transport media. Energ. Convers. Manage., 46(13–14), 2198–2215 (18 pages).
Wang, Y.; Ou, S.; Liu, P.; Xue, F.; Tang, S., (2006). Comparison of two different processes to synthesize biodiesel by waste cooking oil. J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 252(1–2), 107–112 (6 pages).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
El Diwani, G., Attia, N.K. & Hawash, S.I. Development and evaluation of biodiesel fuel and by-products from jatropha oil. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 6, 219–224 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03327625
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03327625