Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Rapid analysis of risk assessment using developed simulation of chemical industrial accidents software package

  • Published:
International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The environmental consequences are defined as consequences of accidental release of hazardous substances to the natural environment. This release can lead to many hazards depending on the material stored. The consequences of these hazards to the environment are widespread and have significant importance to human communities living in the surroundings. The mathematical models are extremely useful tools to predict the impacts of chemical process accidents. The objective of this paper is to develop a software package for accident simulation and damage potential estimation. The software is coded in visual basic and is compatible with windows working environments. The software is called Simulation of chemical industrial accident. This application is a comprehensive software package which can be integrated with geographical information system to predict and display the consequence of chemical hazards. The software is a user-friendly and effective tool for evaluating the consequences of major chemical accidents, process decision making for land-use planning, namely locating suitable hazardous installations, hazardous waste disposal areas and emergency response plan.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Andereassen, M.; Bakken, B.; Danielsen, U.; Haanes, H.; Solum, G.; Stenssas, J.; Thon, H.; Wighus, R., (1992). Handbook for fire calculations and fire risk assessment in the process industry. Scandpower A/S.

  • Andersson, P., (1997). Evaluation and mitigation of industrial fire hazards. ISRN LUTVDG/TVBB-1015-SE. Lund University Sweden.

  • Ashe, B.; Rew, P. J., (2003). Effects of flashfires on building occupants. Health and Safety Executive. Prepared by WS Atkins Consultants Ltd.

  • Babrauskas, V., (1983). Estimating large pool fire burning rates. Fire Tech., 19, 251–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, E.; Cox, A.; Westine, S.; Kulez, J.; Strehlow, A., (1983). Explosion hazards and evaluation. Elsevier, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baum, R., (1998). Rocket missiles generated by failure of a high pressure liquid storage vessel. J. Loss Prevent Proc. 11, 11–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birk, M., (1995). Boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion Response and Prevention: Technical Documentation.

  • BIS (2003). BLEVE incident simulator. ThermDyne Technologies Ltd with the help of Professor A. M. Birk, Queen’s University.

  • Brasie, W.; Simpson, W., (1968). Guidelines for estimating damage explosion. J. Loss. Prevent. Proc., 2, 91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, S., (1986). Energy release protection for pressurized systems. Part II review of studies into impact/terminal ballistics. Appl. Mechani. Rev., 39, 177–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burgess, D.; Hertzberg, M., (1974). Radiation from pool flames, heat transfer in flames, Afgan, N. H and Beer, J. M. Eds, John Wiley, New York.

  • CCPS (1994). Guidelines for chemical process quantitative risk analysis. Center for chemical process safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineering, New York.

  • Clancey, V., (1972). Diagnostic features of explosion damage, in: Proc. Sixth Int. Meeting of Forensic Sciences, Edinburgh.

  • CPQRA (2000). Guidelines for chemical process quantitative risk analysis (2nd. Ed.).Chemical process quantitative risk analysis, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York.

  • Cuchi, E.; Casal, J., (1998). Modeling temperature evolution in equipment engulfed in a pool-fire. Fire Safety J., 30, 251–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DiNenno, P.; Drysdale, D.; Beyler, C.; Walton, W.; Custer, R.; Hall, J.; Watts, J., (2002). The STPE handbook of fire protection engineering. National Fire Protection Association, Inc. USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • EFFECT (1987). Model for computing the physical effects of the escape of hazard materials (TNO, The Netherland).

  • Eisenberg, N.; Lynch, C.; Breeding, R., (1975). Vulnerability model: A simulation system for assessing damage resulting from marine Spills. Rep. CG-D-136-75. Environment Control Inc., Rockville, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  • ERM (1996). Consequence analysis. Seminar on control of industrial major accident hazards regulations. Hotel Equatorial, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

  • ESRI (2004). ArcGIS engine developer guide. The user guide for ArcGIS Engine. Environmental Systems Research Institute Published by ESRI: www.esri.com.

  • FRED, (2004). Fire, Release, Explosion and Dispersion, Shell software (Shell Global Solutions).

  • Fugelso, L.; Wenner, L.; Schiffman, T., (1972). Explosion effects computation aids. GARD Prog. 1540. Gen. Am. Res. Div., Gen. Am. Transportation Co., Niles, IL.

  • Hanna, S., (1982). Applications in air pollution modeling. In Nieuwstadt, F. T. M. and van Dop, H., Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, The Netherland.

  • Hardee, H.; Lee, D.; Benedick, W., (1978). Thermal hazards from LNG fireballs. Combust. Sci. Tech., 17, 189.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holden, P.; Reeves, A., (1985). Fragmentation hazards from failures of pressurized liquefied gas vessels. Assessment and control of major hazards. IChemE Symposium Series # 93 IChemE, Rugby, UK. 205–220.

  • Howerton., A., (1969). Estimating the area affected by a chlorine release. J. Loss. Prevent. Proc., 3, 48.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hymes, I., (1 983). The physiological and pathological effects of thermal radiation. SRD.

  • Kashef, A.; Bénichou, N.; Torv, D.; Raboud, D.; Hadjisophocleous, G.; Reid, I., (2002). FIERAsystem enclosed pool fire development model: Theory report. Fire risk management program, Institute for Research in Construction (IRC), National Research Council Canada.

  • Kent, R., (1968). Find radiation effect of flares. Hydrocarb. Proc., 47(6), 119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan, F.; Abbasi, S., (1998). MAXCRED-a new software package for rapid risk assessment in chemical process industries. Environ. Modell. Softw., 14, 11–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, F.; Abbasi, S., (1999). HAZDIG: a new software package for assessing the risks of accidental release of toxic chemicals. J. Loss. Prevent. Proc., 12, 167–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, D.; Lee, Y.; Moon, I.; Lee, Y.; Yoon, D., (2001). Automatic accident scenario generation for petrochemical processes. Process System Engineering ESCAPE: 895–900.

  • Kinsman, P.; Wilday, J.; Nussey, C.; Mercer, A., (1994). Users’ views of model performance and expectations. J. Loss. Prevent. Proc., 7, 2, 66–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kletz, T., (1988). Process plants: a handbook for inherently safer design. Taylor and Francis.

  • Lees, F., (1996). Loss prevention in the process industries, 2nd. edn., Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, V., (1967). The design of barricades for hazardous pressure system. Nucl. Eng. Des., 5, 1550–1566.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moorhouse, J., (1982). Scaling laws for pool fires determined from large scale experiments. IChemE Symposium series, 71, 165–179.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papazoglou, A.; Aneziris, N., (1999). Uncertainty quantification in the health consequences of the boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion phenomenon. J. Hazard. Mater. A67, 217–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pasquill, F.; Smith, F., (1983). Atmospheric diffusion, 3rd. Ed. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, R.; Green, D., (1984). Perry’s chemical engineering handbook, 6th. Ed. McGraw Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrolekasa, P.; Andreoub, I., (1999). Domino effects analysis for the LPG storage installation of hellenic petroleum aspropyrgos refinery. Proceedings of seveso 2000 European Conference. http://mahbsrv.jrc.it/Proceedings/Greece-Nov-1999/C3-ANDREOU-z.pdf

  • Pietersen, M., (1984). Analysis of the LPG incident in San Juan Ixhumtepec, Mexico City, Rep. 85-0222. TNO, Apeldoorn, The Netherland.

  • Rew, P.; Hulbert, W., (1996). Development of pool fire thermal radiation model. Health and safety executive, HSE contract research report # 96/1996.

  • Roberts, B., (1982). Thermal radiation hazards from release of LPG from pressurized storage. Fire Safety J., 4, 197–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simmons, J.; Erdmann, R.; Naft, B., (1973). The risk of ctastrophic spill of toxic chemicals. Rep. UCLA-ENG-7425. Unv. of California, Los Angeles, California.

  • Solomon, A.; Rubin, M.; Okrent, D., (1976). On risks from the storage of hazardous chemicals. Universty of California, Los Angeles.

  • Technica Ltd. (1985). Manual of industrial hazards assessment London, WHAZAN.

  • Ten Berge, W.; Van Heemst, M., (1983). Validity and accuracy of commonly used toxicity assessment models in risk analysis, 4th hit. Symp. Loss Prevent., Harrogate.

  • TNMA (2001). Estimation of Explosion Danger Areas. Technical Note 10.20/01.

  • TNO (1990). Methods for the determination of the possible damage to humans and goods by the release of hazardous materials (Green Book). The hague: Dutch ministry of housing, Physical Planning and Environment.

  • Tsao, C.; Perry, W., (1979). Modifications to the vulnerability model: A simulation system for assessing damage resulting from marine spills (VM4). ADA 075 231, US Coast Guard NTIS Report No. CG-D-38-79.

  • UIC (1987). Emission a ‘la bre’che d’une capacité-débit en phase gazeuse, débit en phase liquide, Union des Industries Chimiques, formation et vaporisation des flaques. Cahier de sécurité # 1, Edition Chimie Promotion, Paris.

  • Wiekema, B. J., (1980). Vapour cloud explosion model. J. Hazar. Mater., 3, 221–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Withers, J.; Lees, P., (1985). The assessment of major hazards: the lethal toxicity of chlorine. Part 1, Review of information on toxicity. J. Hazard. Mater., 12(3), 231.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Q.; Miao, C.; Lin, D.; Bai, C., (2003). Relation of fragment with air shock wave intensity for explosion in a shell. Int. J. Impact Eng., 28, 1129–1141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University Technology MARA, 40200, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    M. El Harbawi Ph.D. (Lecturer), S. A. S. A. Kadir Ph.D. (Lecturer) & Z. Abdul Rashid M.Sc. (Lecturer)

  2. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, DE, Malaysia

    S. Mustapha Ph.D. (Lecturer) & T. S. Y. Choong Ph.D. (Lecturer)

  3. Department of Biology and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, DE, Malaysia

    S. Abdul Rashid Ph.D. (Lecturer)

Authors
  1. M. El Harbawi Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Mustapha Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. T. S. Y. Choong Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. Abdul Rashid Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. S. A. S. A. Kadir Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Z. Abdul Rashid M.Sc.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. El Harbawi Ph.D..

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

El Harbawi, M., Mustapha, S., Choong, T.S.Y. et al. Rapid analysis of risk assessment using developed simulation of chemical industrial accidents software package. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 5, 53–64 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03325997

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03325997

Keywords

Search

Navigation