Abstract
The PleurX peritoneal drainage catheter for drainage of malignant ascites in a community setting has been evaluated by the NICE Medical Technologies Evaluation Programme. This article outlines the evidence included in the Sponsor’s submission, the independent critique by the External Assessment Centre (EAC) and the recommendations made by the Medical Technologies Advisory Committee (MTAC). In accordance with the scope issued by NICE, the intervention technology was the indwelling PleurX peritoneal catheter drainage system, the comparator was large-volume paracentesis (LVP; inpatient or outpatient) and the population was patients with treatment-resistant, recurrent malignant ascites. Nine studies (ten papers) were identified with a total of 180 PleurX-treated patients; six were case series with more than four patients that, despite being low in the hierarchy of evidence, provided useful safety information.
Technical success of the initial PleurX placement procedure was 100% across five studies which reported this outcome. One study reported equal complication rates between patients treated with indwelling PleurX catheters (40 patients and 40 catheters) and those receiving repeated LVPs (67 patients and 392 procedures), 7.5% (3/40; 95% CI 1.6, 20) and 7.5% (5/67; 95% CI 2.2, 15), respectively. All remaining studies were single-arm and reported complication rates of between 0% and 59%; this wide range was largely due to variation in the definition of complications and adverse events. Using validated tools, one case series reported improvements in several ascites-related symptoms after placement of the PleurX catheter; however, an overall quality-of-life improvement at 12 weeks was not demonstrated. Positive patient opinions relating to improved symptom control and convenience were reported in a qualitative study.
Cost analysis demonstrated that PleurX offered savings to the NHS when compared with repeated LVPs performed in an inpatient setting. This saving of d679 per patient was driven primarily by reducing hospital bed days (year 2009–2010 values), but would require 23.5 additional community nurse visits. Advice from clinical experts was that additional home visits were overestimated as many patients would receive such visits regardless of whether a PleurX drain had been fitted. The model demonstrated that PleurX would be more expensive than LVP procedures performed in a setting where one or less hospital bed days were used (e.g. day case or outpatient). There was uncertainty surrounding the number of patients for whom insertion of a PleurX drain would be appropriate as well as the point in the care pathway at which such treatment should be administered.
MTAC supported the case for adoption and considered that the available evidence showed PleurX was clinically effective, has low complication rates, can improve quality of life and is less costly than inpatient LVP. In Medical Technology Guidance 9 (MTG9), NICE recommended that PleurX peritoneal catheter drainage system be considered for use in patients with treatment-resistant, recurrent malignant ascites.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Megan Dale (Cedar), Fiona Morgan (Support Unit for Research Evidence, Cardiff University), and Professor Ceri J. Phillips (Swansea Centre for Health Economics, Swansea University) for their contribution to the original External Assessment Centre (EAC) report for NICE. Cedar is funded by the NICE Medical Technologies Evaluation Programme to act as an EAC. This article has been reviewed by NICE and has not been externally peer reviewed by Applied Health Economics and Health Policy. JW and GCR are NHS employees, and the NHS has a financial interest in the guidance on which this project is based.
JW evaluated the clinical evidence on which this manuscript is based and wrote the clinical and economic elements of this paper; GCR evaluated the economic model on which this manuscript is based and reviewed the clinical and economic elements of the paper. GCR can act as guarantor for the overall content.
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White, J., Carolan-Rees, G. PleurX Peritoneal Catheter Drainage System for Vacuum-Assisted Drainage of Treatment-Resistant, Recurrent Malignant Ascites. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 10, 299–308 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03261864
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03261864