Summary
Neonates and immunodeficient patients need protection against cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. Neonates who acquire CMV either via transfusion or transplacentally are protected against severe CMV disease if their mothers had antibodies to CMV prior to pregnancy, suggesting that immunisation will provide protection for neonates. For immunocompromised patients, protection against severe CMV-associated disease is afforded by immunity acquired either by naturally acquired infection prior to immunosuppression or by passive or active immunisation.
In 3 randomised placebo-controlled studies, live attenuated CMV vaccine successfully protected seronegative recipients of seropositive renal transplants from severe CMV disease by efficiently inducing humoral and cellular immunity. The vaccine virus is neither excreted nor latent. Noninfectious subunit vaccines under study include the CMV glycoproteins gB and gH, each of which contains neutralising epitopes. Given all of these facts, safe and effective CMV vaccines are possible.
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Adler, S.P. Development and Clinical Status of Cytomegalovirus Vaccines. Clin Immunother 2, 1–6 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03258516
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03258516