Abstract
The rate of an enzymatic reaction may be changed by a moderator. Usually, the effect is to reduce the rate, and this is called inhibition. Sometimes the rate of enzyme reaction is raised, and this is called activation. Not only enzyme activation is subject of a less detailed presentation, but also enzyme inhibition and activation are very often discussed independently in enzymology. I attempt to introduce a general model of enzyme inhibition and activation to allow one to interpret inhibition and activation from a mechanistic or physical perspective using the significance of cooperativity as a new approach. The magnitude of interaction between substrate and inhibitor binding sites is given by the α parameter and the magnitude of increasing catalytic reaction constant is given by the β parameter, which both parameter values characterize the type of inhibition and activation. The moderation of mushroom tyrosinse is described by application of the model as a typical.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Stojan, Enzyme Inhibition, in: H.J. Smith, C. Simons (Eds.), Enzymes and Their Inhibition, Drug Development, CRC Press, London, 2005, chapter 4, pp. 149–169.
W.W. Cleland, Steady State Kinitics, in: P.D. Boyer (Ed.), The Enzymes, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, Academic Press, New York, 1970, pp. 1–65.
M. Sandler, H.J. Smith, Introduction to the Use of Enzyme Inhibitors as Drugs, in: M. Sandler, H.J. Smith (Ed.), Design of Enzyme Inhibitors as Drugs, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989, pp. 1–18.
I.H. Segel, Enzyme Kinetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1993.
M. Dixon, E.C. Weeb, Enzymes, 3rd ed., Longman, London, 1979.
A. Cornish-Bowden, Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics, Portland Press, London, 1995.
R. Fontes, J.M. Ribeiro, A. Sillero, Acta Biochim. Pol. 47 (2000) 233.
G.L. Waldrop, Biochem. Mol. Biol. Educ. 37 (2009) 11.
W.W. Cleland, Adv. Enzymol. 45 (1977) 273.
A.A. Saboury, A.A. Moosavi-Movahedi, Biochem. Educ. 22 (1994) 48.
A.K. Bordbar, A.A. Saboury, A.A. Moosavi-Movahedi, Biochem. Educ. 24 (1996) 172.
S.Y. Seo, V.K. Sharma, N. Sharma, J. Agric. Food Chem. 51 (2003) 2837.
P.A. Riley, J. Theor. Biol. 203 (2000) 1.
K.T. Yasunobu, M. Gordon, Pigment Cell Biology, Academic Press, New York, 1959, p. 583.
A. Sanchez-Ferrer, J.N. Rodriguez-Lopez, F. Garcia- Canovas, F. Garcia-Carmona, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1247 (1995) 1.
L.P. Xie, Q.X. Chen, H. Huang, H.Z. Wang, R.Q. Zhang, Biochemistry (Moscow) 68 (2003) 487.
K.J. Strothkemp, R.L. Jolley, H.S. Mason, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 70 (1976) 519.
S.J. Orlow, Z. Bao-Kang, A.K. Chakraborty, M. Dricker, S. Pifko-Hirst, J.M. Pawelek, J. Invest. Dermatol. 103 (1994) 196.
Y.J. Kim, H. Uyama, Cell. Mole. Life Sci. 62 (2005) 1707.
S.L. Taylor, R.K. Bush, Food Technol. 40 (1986) 47.
Y. Ohyama, Y. Mishima, Fragrance J. 6 (1990) 53.
K. Maeda, M. Fukuda, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 42 (1991) 361.
F. Karbassi, K. Haghbeen, A.A. Saboury, B. Ranjbar, A.A. Moosavi-Movahedi, Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces 32 (2003) 137.
K. Haghbeen, A.A. Saboury, F. Karbassi, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1675 (2004) 139.
S. Shareefi-Borojerdi, K. Haghbeen, A.A. Karkhane, M. Fazli, A.A. Saboury, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 314 (2004) 925.
F. Karbassi, K. Haghbeen, A.A. Saboury, M. Rezaei- Tavirani, B. Ranjbar, Biologia 59 (2004) 319.
F. Karbassi, K. Haghbeen, A.A. Saboury, B. Ranjbar, A.A. Moosavi-Movahedi, B. Farzami, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 34 (2004) 257.
N. Gheibi, A.A. Saboury, K. Haghbeen, A.A. Moosavi- Movahedi, Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces 45 (2005) 104.
F. Karbassi, A.A. Saboury, M.T. Hassan-Khan, M. Iqbal-Choudhary, Z.S. Saifi, J. Enz. Inhib. Med. Chem. 19 (2004) 349.
N. Gheibi, A.A. Saboury, H. Mansury-Torshizi, K. Haghbeen, A.A. Moosavi-Movahedi, J. Enz. Inhib. Med. Chem. 20 (2005) 393.
A.A. Saboury, S. Zolghadri, K. Haghbeen, A.A. Moosavi-Movahedi, J. Enz. Inhib. Med. Chem. 21 (2006) 711.
A. Zolghadri, A.A. Saboury, Asian J. Chem. 19 (2007) 5587.
M. Alijanianzadeh, A.A. Saboury, H. Mansuri-Torshizi, K. Haghbeen, A.A. Moosavi-Movahedi, J. Enz. Inhib. Med. Chem. 22 (2007) 239.
A.A. Saboury, M. Alijanianzadeh, H. Mansoori- Torshizi, Acta Biochem. Pol. 54 (2007) 183.
M. Alijanianzadeh, A.A. Saboury, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 28 (2007) 758.
A.A. Saboury, M. Alijanianzadeh, J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 55 (2008) 937.
D.E. Wilcox, A.G. Porras, Y.T. Hawang, K. Lerch, M.E. Winker, E.I. Solomon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107 (1985) 4015.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Saboury, A.A. Enzyme inhibition and activation: A general theory. JICS 6, 219–229 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03245829
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03245829