Skip to main content
Log in

Synthesis and immunomodulatory activity of some novel amino acid germinates

  • Article
  • Published:
Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Amino acid germanate compounds are synthesized by the chemical reaction of germanium dioxide with a selected amino acid in the presence of an alkali medium at a suitable elevated temperature. Amino acids included in the novel synthesis include histidine, methionine and glutathione. The study evaluated their effects on induction of interleukin-12 and interferon-γl in Swiss albino Webster rats. The new germanium compounds, especially bis-methionino germanate, are considered as good interferon inducer that significantly enhance the immunologic function.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S. Goodman, Med. Hypoth. 26 (1988) 207.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. H. Xin, T. Han, S. Gong, Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 30 (1996) 221.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. F. Suzuki, R. Brutkiewicz, R. Pollard, Anticancer Res. 6 (1986) 177.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. F. Suzuki, R. Brutkiewicz, R. Pollard, Anticancer Res. 5 (1985) 479.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. A. Abu-Ghade, S. Osman, A. Badawi, A. Hassan, CB Medical Treatment Symp. Spiez Switzerland, 7-12 July, 1996, pp. 40-42.

  6. H. Funkajawa, Y. Ohoshi, S. Sekiyama, Head Neck 16 (1994) 30.

    Google Scholar 

  7. A.M. Badawi, Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine, Reims, France, Vol. 1, 1990, pp. 517–519.

    Google Scholar 

  8. N. Zakhary, N. Abdel-Hamid, A. El Aaser, A. Badawi, S. Sharawi, S. Kamal, Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine, Reims, France, Vol. 3, 1994, pp. 343–357.

    Google Scholar 

  9. L. Chaitow, Thorsons Publishers Inc., 2nd ed., New York, 1985, Chap. 7, pp. 48, 55, 88.

  10. F. Hassan, J. El-Sayed, A. Hafiz, Cairo Dental J. 17 (2001) 201.

    Google Scholar 

  11. A. Findlay, J. Kitchaner, Practical Physical Chemistry, 8th ed., longmans, London, 1954, p. 121.

    Google Scholar 

  12. A. Findlay, Practical Physical Chemistry, 6th ed., Longmans, London, 1963, p. 1040.

    Google Scholar 

  13. M.K. Gatly, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16 (1998) 495.

    Google Scholar 

  14. V.J. Meide, Interferon Res. 10 (1990) 183.

    Google Scholar 

  15. W.G. Snedecor, G.W. Cochran, Statistical Methods, 7th ed., Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1980.

  16. M. Barcellos-Hoff, Radiat. Res. 150 (1998) S109.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M._Scolt, M. Kubin, S. Koht, Pediatr. Res. 41 (1997) 547.

    Google Scholar 

  18. M. Gately, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16 (1998) 495.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. R. Tobena, S. Horicawa, V. Colvo, S. Alemany, Bio. Chem.. J. 319 (1996) 929.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. A. Garica, Z. Navarro, L. Larrad, J. Salianas. R. Sousa, C. Rastos, R. Lazano, Int. J. Surg. Investig. 2 (2000) 9.

    Google Scholar 

  21. A. Vzam, T. Phan, G. Le Fur, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 33 (1981) 102.

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. Briley, S. Langer, Europ. J. Pharmacol. 50 (1978) 283.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. G. Bounous, G. Balist, P. Gold, Clin. Invest. Med. 12 (1989) 154.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. G. Boumous, Anticancer Res. 20 (2000) 4785.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. A. Hafiz.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Badawi, A.M., Hafiz, A.A. Synthesis and immunomodulatory activity of some novel amino acid germinates. JICS 4, 107–113 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03245808

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03245808

Keywords

Navigation