Abstract
Amino acid germanate compounds are synthesized by the chemical reaction of germanium dioxide with a selected amino acid in the presence of an alkali medium at a suitable elevated temperature. Amino acids included in the novel synthesis include histidine, methionine and glutathione. The study evaluated their effects on induction of interleukin-12 and interferon-γl in Swiss albino Webster rats. The new germanium compounds, especially bis-methionino germanate, are considered as good interferon inducer that significantly enhance the immunologic function.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Goodman, Med. Hypoth. 26 (1988) 207.
H. Xin, T. Han, S. Gong, Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 30 (1996) 221.
F. Suzuki, R. Brutkiewicz, R. Pollard, Anticancer Res. 6 (1986) 177.
F. Suzuki, R. Brutkiewicz, R. Pollard, Anticancer Res. 5 (1985) 479.
A. Abu-Ghade, S. Osman, A. Badawi, A. Hassan, CB Medical Treatment Symp. Spiez Switzerland, 7-12 July, 1996, pp. 40-42.
H. Funkajawa, Y. Ohoshi, S. Sekiyama, Head Neck 16 (1994) 30.
A.M. Badawi, Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine, Reims, France, Vol. 1, 1990, pp. 517–519.
N. Zakhary, N. Abdel-Hamid, A. El Aaser, A. Badawi, S. Sharawi, S. Kamal, Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine, Reims, France, Vol. 3, 1994, pp. 343–357.
L. Chaitow, Thorsons Publishers Inc., 2nd ed., New York, 1985, Chap. 7, pp. 48, 55, 88.
F. Hassan, J. El-Sayed, A. Hafiz, Cairo Dental J. 17 (2001) 201.
A. Findlay, J. Kitchaner, Practical Physical Chemistry, 8th ed., longmans, London, 1954, p. 121.
A. Findlay, Practical Physical Chemistry, 6th ed., Longmans, London, 1963, p. 1040.
M.K. Gatly, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16 (1998) 495.
V.J. Meide, Interferon Res. 10 (1990) 183.
W.G. Snedecor, G.W. Cochran, Statistical Methods, 7th ed., Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1980.
M. Barcellos-Hoff, Radiat. Res. 150 (1998) S109.
M._Scolt, M. Kubin, S. Koht, Pediatr. Res. 41 (1997) 547.
M. Gately, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16 (1998) 495.
R. Tobena, S. Horicawa, V. Colvo, S. Alemany, Bio. Chem.. J. 319 (1996) 929.
A. Garica, Z. Navarro, L. Larrad, J. Salianas. R. Sousa, C. Rastos, R. Lazano, Int. J. Surg. Investig. 2 (2000) 9.
A. Vzam, T. Phan, G. Le Fur, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 33 (1981) 102.
M. Briley, S. Langer, Europ. J. Pharmacol. 50 (1978) 283.
G. Bounous, G. Balist, P. Gold, Clin. Invest. Med. 12 (1989) 154.
G. Boumous, Anticancer Res. 20 (2000) 4785.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Badawi, A.M., Hafiz, A.A. Synthesis and immunomodulatory activity of some novel amino acid germinates. JICS 4, 107–113 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03245808
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03245808