Skip to main content
Log in

New photorefractive polymer composites doped with liquid nonlinear optical chromophores

  • Published:
Macromolecular Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Photorefractive polymer composites were synthesized based on poly (N-vinylcazbazole) (PVK) doped with liquid nonlinear optical chromophores and a sensitizer C60. PVK/liquid NLO chromophores/C60 devices showed no signs of phase separation and did not require a plasticizer, such as ethylcarbazole. The composites showed 69% diffraction efficiency (C3) and a rapid response time of 46 ms (C1) in four-wave mixing experiments at a light intensity of 60 mW/cm2 and a wavelength of 633 nm.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. W. E. Moerner and S. M. Silence,Chem. Rev.,94, 127 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. O. Ostroverkhova and W. E. Moerner,Chem. Rev.,104, 3267 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. B. Kippelen, inPhotorefractive Materials and Their Applications, P. Günter and J.-P. Huignard, Eds., Springer, New York, 2007, Vol. 2, pp 487–534.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. W.-J. Joo, N.-J. Kim, H. Chun, I. K. Moon, and N. Kim,Polymer,43, 9863 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. A. Goonesekera, D. Wright, and W. E. Moerner,Appl. Phys. Lett.,76, 3358 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. M. B. Klein, G. D. Bacher, A. Grunnet-Jepsen, D. Wright, and W. E. Moerner,Opt. Commun.,162, 79 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. D. H. Choi, W. G. Jun, K. Y. Oh, H. N. Yoon, and J. H. Kim,Macromol. Res.,11, 43 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  8. W. E. Moerner, C. Poga, Y. Jia, and R. J. Twieg,OSA Tech. Dig. Ser.,21, 331 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  9. D. D. Perrin and W. L. F. Armarego,Purification of laboratory chemicals, 3rd ed., Pergamon Press, Oxpord, 1988, p 261.

    Google Scholar 

  10. K. D. Singer, S. F. Hubbard, A. Schober, L. M. Hayden, and K. Johnson, inCharacterization techniques and tabulations for organic nonlinear optical materials, M. G. Kuzyk and C. W. Dirk, Eds., Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1998, chap. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  11. B. R. Cho, K. N. Son, S. J. Lee, T. I. Kang, M. S. Han, and S. J. Jeon,Tetrahedron Lett.,39, 3167 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. P. V. Bedworth, Y., Cai, A. Jen, and S. R. Marder,J. Org. Chem.,61, 2242 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. S. H. Lee, W. S. Jahng, K. H. Park, N. Kim, W.-J. Joo, and D. H. Choi,Macromol. Res.,11, 431 (2003).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. I. K. Moon, C.-S. Choi, and N. Kim,J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.,46, 1783 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. H. Chun, I. K. Moon, D.-H. Shin, and N. Kim,Chem. Mater.,13, 2813 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Organic Photoreceptors for Imaging Systems, P. M. Borsenberger and D. S. Weiss, Eds., Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1993, chap. 11.

    Google Scholar 

  17. J. S. Schildkraut,Appl. Phys. Lett.,58, 340 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Yariv,Optical Electronics, 4th ed., Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Orlando, 1991, chap. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  19. R. Bittner, T. K. Daubler, D. Neher, and K. Meerholz,Adv. Mater.,11, 123 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. R. Wortmann, C. Poga, R. J. Twieg, C. Geletneky, C. R. Moylan, P. M. Cotts, H. Horn, J. E. Rice, and D. M. Burland,J. Chem. Phys.,105, 10637 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. B. Martin, P. Gedeck, and T. Clark,Int. J. Quantum. Chem.,77, 473 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. T. Clark, A. Alex, B. Beck, F. Burkhardt, J. Chandrasekhar, P. Gedeck, A. Horn, M. Hutter, B. Martin, G. Rauhut, W. Sauer, T. Schindler, T. Steinke, Vamp. Version 10.0, Erlangen, 2003. This version is provided as part of Materials Studio 4.1 by Accelrys Inc.

  23. H. Kogelnik,Bell Syst. Tech. J.,48, 2909(1969).

    Google Scholar 

  24. R. Bittner, C. Brauchle, and K. Meerholz,Appl. Opt.,37, 2843 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. C. Fuentes-Hernandez, J. Thomas, R. Termine, M. Eralp, M. Yamamoto, K. Cammack, K. Matsumoto, G. Meredith, N. Peyghambarian, B. Kippelen, and S. R. Marder,Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng.,5216, 83 (2003).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. C.-S. Choi, I. K. Moon, and N. Kim,Appl. Phys. Lett.,94, 053302 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. J.-W. Oh, J.-W. Choi, and N. Kim,Macromol. Res.,17 69 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. (28) Megan, R. Leahy, and David J. McGee,Opt. Commun.,187, 277 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. A. Grunnet-Jepsen, C. L. Thompson, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner,J. Opt. Soc. Am. B,15, 901 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. G. J. Salamo, M. J. Miller, W. W. Clark III, G. L. Wood, and E. J. Sharp,Opt. Commun.,59, 417 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. M. J. Miller, G. L. Wood, and G. J. Salamo,Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.,479, 193 (1997).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Chil-Sung Choi or Nakjoong Kim.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Choi, CS., Moon, I.K. & Kim, N. New photorefractive polymer composites doped with liquid nonlinear optical chromophores. Macromol. Res. 17, 874–878 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03218629

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03218629

Keywords

Navigation