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Prognostic significance of synchronous and metachronous bilateral breast cancer

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Abstract

Women previously treated for primary operable breast cancer are at increased risk of developing cancer in the contralateral breast, but the clinical significance of this development is unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of synchronous bilateral breast cancer or the development of a metachronous contralateral breast primary on the prognosis. In a series of 3210 women age ≤70 years treated between 1975 and 1995 for primary operable breast cancer, 106 were identified to have bilateral breast cancer. Of these women, 26 were noted to have synchronous bilateral breast primaries (0.8%), and 80 developed a contralateral breast cancer after treatment for an initial primary breast cancer. Using life-tables analysis, there was a significant difference in survival between women with unilateral breast cancer, those with synchronous bilateral breast cancers, and those with metachronous contralateral breast with survivals at 16 years of 53.8%, 42.4%, and 60.1%, respectively (p<0.0001), from the date of the diagnosis of the first primary tumor. There was no difference in survival seen between the three groups when survival was calculated from the date of diagnosis of the second primary in cases of metachronous contralateral breast cancer (p=0.31). When contralateral breast cancer was incorporated as a time-dependent covariate in a Cox multivariate model together with the three factors used to determine the Nottingham Prognostic Index (invasive tumor size, grade, and lymph node stage), contralateral breast cancer continued to be a significant prognostic determinant (p=0.02). The survival of women with synchronous bilateral breast cancer or metachronous breast cancers diagnosed within 2 years of the original primary was worse than those with unilateral disease. However, the time duration to metachronous contralateral breast cancer did not have prognostic significance in a multivariate model compared with the prognostic features of the original primary.

Résumé

Toute femme traitée pour cancer du sein a un risque accru de développer un cancer du sein opposé. Néanmoins, la signification clinique du développement d’un cancer du sein controlatérale n’est pas claire. Le but de cette étude a été d’évaluer le retentissement d’un cancer du sein bilatéral synchrone ou le développement métachrone d’un cancer controlatéral sur le pronostic. Dans cette série de 3210 femmes âgées aux alentours de 70 ans, toutes traitées pour cancer du sein opérable entre 1975 et 1994, on a identifié 106 femmes ayant un cancer du sein bilatéral. On a noté 26 cas de cancer bilatéral synchrones (0.8%) alors que 80 femmes ont vu se développer un cancer du sein controlatéral (métachrones). Grâce à l’analyse des courbes de survie, on a not une différence significative en ce qui concerne la survie entre les femmes ayant un cancer du sein unilatéral, celles qui avaient un cancer du sein bilatéral synchrones et celles qui avaient un cancer du sein bilatéral métachrone. Les taux de survie à 16 ans, à partir de la date de découverte de la tumeur primitive, ont été, respectivement, de 53.8%, 42.4% et de 60.1% (p <0.0001). If n’y avait aucune différence significative entre les trois groupes lorsqu’on a calculé la survie à partir de la date du diagnostic du deuxiéme cancer en cas de cancer controlatéral métachrone (p=0.31). Lorsqu’on a incorporé le cancer du sein controlatéral comme une co-variable temps-dépendante dans un modéle de Cox, ensemble avec les trois variables utilisés pour déterminer le Nottingham Prognostic Index (taille de la tumeur invasive, son grade et son stade N), le cancer controlatéral a continué d’être un facteur pronostique significatif (p=0.02). La survie des femmes ayant un cancer du sein bilatéral synchrone ou métachrone diagnostiqué à moins de deux ans de leur tumeur primitive n’est pas aussi bonne que celle des femmes ayant un cancer du sein unilatéral. Le temps entre le cancer primitif et la survenue du deuxiéme cancer métachrone n’était pas un facteur pronostique significatif dans le modéle multivarié comparé aux facteurs pronostiques du cancer initial.

Resumen

Es frecuente, que mujeres previamente tratadas de un cáncer primario y resecable de mama, desarrollen un cáncer en la mama contralateral. No obstante, sigue sin conocerse el pronóstico clinico de la aparición de un cáncer en la mama contralateral. El objetivo de este trabajo fue averiguar el pronóstico del cáncer sincrónico bilateral de mama o del cáncer primario contralateral metacrónico. En una serie de 3,210 mujeres, cuya edad oscilaba alrededor de los 70 años y que habian sido intervenidas, entre 1975 y 1994 por un cáncer primario resecable de mama, se constataron 106 cánceres bilaterales de mama. En 26 casos (0.8%) se trataba de cánceres primarios sincrónicos bilaterales de mama. 80 pacientes desarrollaron un cáncer contralateral tras haber sido intervenidas de un cáncer inicialmente primario de mama. Utilizando un análisis actuarial se constató una diferencia significativa entre la supervivencia de las mujeres con cáncer bilateral de mama, las que desarrollaron un cáncer sincrónico bilateral y aquellas con cáncer metacrónico contralateral de mama. En efecto, a los 16 años a partir de la fecha de diagnóstico del tumor primario, las supervivencias fueron del 53.8%, 42.4% y 60.1% respectivamente (p<0.0001). No se constató diferencia alguna, entre los 3 grupos cuando la supervivencia se calculó a partir del diagnóstico del segundo cáncer primario, en los casos de cáncer metacrónico contralateral de mama (p=0.31). Cuando el cáncer contralateral de mama se incorpora como covariante dependiente del tiempo a un modelo multivariante de Cox, el cáncer contralateral de mama junto con los 3 factores utilizados para determinar el índice pronóstico de Nottingham (grado de invasión tumoral, grado y estadificación de la afectación ganglionar linfática), constituye un factor pronóstico determinante (p=0.02). En mujeres con un cáncer sincrónico bilateral de mama o un cáncer metacrónico, diagnosticado en los dos primeros años tras el cáncer primario, la supervivencia es menor que la de aquellas con un cáncer bilateral de mama. Sin embargo, el tiempo que tarda en producirse un cáncer metacrónico contralateral no tiene significación pronóstica en un análisis multivariante, si se compara con el indice pronóstico del cáncer primario.

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Correspondence to James Kollias M.B., B.S..

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Kollias, J., Ellis, I.O., Elston, C.W. et al. Prognostic significance of synchronous and metachronous bilateral breast cancer. World J. Surg. 25, 1117–1124 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03215857

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