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Formation mechanism of ferromagnetic minerals in loess of China: TEM investigation

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Chinese Science Bulletin

Abstract

The results of TEM investigation indicate that magnetite and maghemite are the major ferromagnetic minerals in loess-paleosol sequences. Primary magnetite has the similar morphology and surface characteristics as eolian detrital particles. The magnetite can be classified into two categories, high-titanium and low-titanium, which may be the indicators of magmatic rocks and metamorphic rocks, respectively. TEM investigation at nanometer scale shows that primary detrital magnetite of micron scale had been partially weathered to maghemite of 5–20 nanometer during the pedogenic process, which maintain the pseudomorphism of the aeolian debris. Some chlorite particles were also weathered to nanometer scale magnetite or maghemite in the pedogenic process. So weathering of the two minerals leads to formation of superparamagnetism, which may be the important mechanism of magnetic-susceptibility increase in paleosols. The magnetite or maghemite resulting from the weathering of chlorite contains a small amount of P and S, which is the signal of microbe-mineral interaction, and indicates that microbes may play a certain role in chlorite weathering and formation of superparamagnetic particles.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009, Hefei, China

    Tianhu Chen

  2. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The University of New Mexico, 87131, NM, USA

    Tianhu Chen & Huifang Xu

  3. Institute of Surficial Geochemistry, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China

    Junfeng Ji, Jun Chen & Yang Chen

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  1. Tianhu Chen
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  2. Huifang Xu
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  3. Junfeng Ji
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Correspondence to Tianhu Chen.

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Chen, T., Xu, H., Ji, J. et al. Formation mechanism of ferromagnetic minerals in loess of China: TEM investigation. Chin. Sci. Bull. 48, 2260–2267 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03182863

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03182863

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