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Identifying and solving problems: Making sense of basic mathematics through storytelling in the preschool class

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Summary

In a general sense, the research interest of this article concerns the preschool class, which is an intermediate form of schooling for six-year-olds in Sweden, between preschool and school and their two traditions of ‘play’ and ‘learning’, respectively. In a more specific sense, the issue of learning one aspect of basic mathematics in this practice is focused on, as a case study. A video-observation of a teacher and children verbally interacting is analysed. The case studied is the use of a story as presenting a mathematical task, where the children are being asked to draw their solutions in the form of an illustration. The empirical question is: What do the children make an issue of, that is, what is the problem as far as the learners are concerned? It is found that (a) the difficulty for the children does not primarily seem to be mathematical but one of co-ordinating one’s explanation to a visual illustration (i.e., a matter of representation), and that (b) making concrete the abstract mathematical principle of division may make it difficult for the learners to distinguish between the two senses of the term (i.e., division as a mathematical operation, and as a practical activity, respectively). The use of a story and the instruction to draw the solution to the task appear to have introduced additional difficulties for children in solving the problem. The implications of the findings for educational practice are discussed.

Résumé

Dans un sens général, l’intérêt de recherche de cet article concerne la classe préscolaire, forme intermédiaire de scolarisation des enfants de six ans en Suède, entre le niveau préscolaire et l’école et leurs deux traditions respectives de «jeu» et «d’apprentissage». Dans un sens plus spécifique, il s’agit d’une étude de cas sur l’apprentissage d’un aspect mathématique fondamental dans cette pratique. Une observation sur vidéo d’un enseignant et d’enfants en interaction verbale est analysée. Le cas étudié est celui de l’utilisation d’une histoire pour présenter une tâche mathématique qui demande aux enfants de dessiner leurs solutions sous forme d’illustration. La question empirique est: en quoi est-ce un problème pour les enfants, c’est-à-dire quel est le problème du point de vue des apprenants? Les observations indiquent que (a) pour les enfants, la difficulté ne semble pas d’abord mathématique mais plutôt celle de coordonner ses propres explications à une illustration visuelle (soit une question de représentation) et que (b) concrétiser le principe mathématique abstrait de la division peut rendre difficile pour les élèves la distinction entre les deux sens du terme (c’est-à-dire la division comme opération mathématique et comme activité pratique.) L’emploi d’une histoire et la consigne de dessiner la solution à la tâche semblent avoir ajouté pour les enfants des difficultés à résoudre le problème. La discussion porte sur les implications des résultats pour la pratique pédagogique.

Resumen

En un sentido general el interés investigativo de este articulo, dice relación con las clases de preescolares, que son una forma intermedia de escolarización para niños y niñas de 6 años, en Suecia. Entre el preescolar y la escuela, y sus dos tradiciones, “jugar” y “aprender” respectivamente, En un sentido mas específico, el artículo se focaliza en el aprendizaje de un elemento básico de las matemáticas, como un estudio de caso. Una observación videada de las interacciones verbales entre un profesor y sus niños y niñas es analizada. El caso estudiado corresponde al uso de una historia para presentar una tarea matemática, en donde los niños y niñas son interrogados para dibujar sus soluciones en formas de ilustraciones. La pregunta empírica es ¿Cuál es el problema que les precupa a los niños y niñas? La evidencia encontrada muestra que (a) para los niños y niñas la dificultad no parece ser el problema matemático, sino coordinar sus respuestas en forma de una ilustración. (es decir un asunto de representación) y (b) que hacer concreto el principio matemático de la división, puede hacer dificil para los aprendientes distinguir entre los dos sentidos del término (esto es, dividir como una operación matemática y como una acción práctica respectivamente). El uso de la historia y el solicitar a los niños y niñas la ilustración de la solución a la tarea parece haber generado mas dificultades para resolver el problema. Las implicancias de los hallazgos para la práctica educacional son discutidas.

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Correspondence to Niklas Pramling.

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Pramling, N., Samuelsson, I.P. Identifying and solving problems: Making sense of basic mathematics through storytelling in the preschool class. IJEC 40, 65–79 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03168364

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