Abstract
In pregnancy there occurs maternal tolerance to the foetus. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon. The main immune population in the decidua are macrophages and natural killer cells, but with some “special” suppressor characteristics. There is also a predominant TH2 response. The non classical MCH type I HLA-G is expressed by trophoblasts and can suppress lymphomononuclear cytotoxicity. Other system to avoid the immune system is the expression of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, that suppresses T cell activation by degrading tryptophan. Even though in the placenta there is a high production of nitric oxide, a well-known immune modulator, low attention has been paid to its role in maternal tolerance. There are many data showing that NO affects the IDO, CD95/CD95-L and the balance between TH1/TH2. Maybe NO could interact with several mechanisms at the same time, which could modify the tolerogenic activity depending on the concentration and the presence of other factors in the medium.
Resumen
En el embarazo, hay tolerancia materna hacia el feto. Se han propuesto muchos mecanismos para explicar este fenómeno. La población más importante en la decidua son los macrófagos y las células citolíticas naturales, pero con algunas características supresoras especiales. Predomina una respuesta TH2. El complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad (MCH) de tipo 1 no clásico HLA-G se expresa en trofoblastos y puede suprimir la citotoxicidad producida por células linfomononucleares. Otro sistema que evade al sistema inmune es la expresión de la indolamina 2,3-dioxigenasa, que suprime la activación de células T mediante la degradación de triptófano. Aunque en la placenta hay una alta producción de óxido nítrico, que es un conocido modulador del sistema inmune, se ha prestado poca atención a su función en la tolerancia materna. En esta revisión, estudiamos la posible interacción entre el óxido nítrico y estos factores de tolerancia entre madre y feto. Existen muchos datos que muestran que el NO afecta a IDO, CD95/CD95-L y al balance entre TH1/TH2. Quizás, el NO puede interaccionar con muchos mecanismos a la vez, los cuales podrían modificar la actividad tolerogénica dependiendo de la concentración y la presencia de otros factores en el medio.
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González, A., López, A.S., Alegre, E. et al. Does nitric oxide play a role in maternal tolerance towards the foetus?. J. Physiol. Biochem. 60, 227–238 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03167033
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03167033