Abstract
Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), a 37 amino acid neuropeptide, is the most potent vasodilator known. Participation of CGRP in hypertension and related diseases, such as preeclampsia or vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrage, is one of the most studied topics. In this review we summarize the published roles of CGRP in pathophysiology of hypertension in humans and in experimental models. We also discuss the effects of direct administration of CGRP in the treatment of hypertension and of anti-hypertensive drugs that enhance the release or response of endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, selective antagonists for the angiotensin II receptor, beta-blockers, magnesium sulphate for preeclampsia and rutaecarpine, as well as the possibilities using CGRP in gene therapy for prevention of vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrage.
Resumen
El péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina (CGRP), formado por 37 aminoácidos, es el vasodilatador endógeno más potente. Se ha estudiado su participación en la hipertensión arterial y enfermedades relacionadas, como la preeclampsia o el vasoespasmo derivado de la hemorragia subaracnoidea. Esta revisión, resume los conocimientos acerca del papel del CGRP en la fisiopatología de la hipertensión arterial en humanos y en modelos animales. Se analiza la posible utilidad del CGRP en el tratamiento de la hipertensión así como de diversos fármacos antihipertensivos que aumentan la liberación o la respuesta del CGRP endógeno, como inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina, inhibidores selectivos del receptor de angiotensina II, beta bloqueantes, sulfato de magnesio y la rutecarpina. Asimismo, analizamos las perspectivas de la terapia génica en la prevención del vasoespasmo inducido por la hemorragia subaracnoidea.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amara, S. G., Arriza, J. L., Leff, S. E., Swanson, L. W., Evans, R. M. and Rosenfeld, M. G. (1985):Science,229, 1094–1097.
Amara, S. G., Jonas, V., Rosenfeld, M. G., Ong, E. S. and Evans, R. M. (1982):Nature,298, 240–244.
Balfagon, G., Marquez-Rodas, I., Alvarez, Y., Alonso, M. J., Cachofeiro, V., Salaices, M. and Lahera, V. (2004):Regul. Pept.,120, 253–260.
Bell, B. A. (1992):Lancet,339, 831–834.
Brain, S. D. and Grant, A. D. (2004):Physiol. Rev.,84, 903–934.
Brain, S. D., Williams, T. J., Tippins, J. R., Morris, H. R. and MacIntyre, I. (1985):Nature,313, 54–56.
Chauhan, M., Thota, C. S., Kondapaka, S., Wimalawansa, S. and Yallampalli, C. (2003):Peptides,24, 65–71.
Chen, I. J., Yeh, J. L., Lo, Y. C., Sheu, S. H. and Lin, Y. T. (1996):Br. J. Pharmacol.,119, 7–14.
Chiou, W. F., Chou, C. J., Liao, J. F., Sham, A. Y. and Chen, C. F. (1994):Eur. J. Pharmacol.,257, 59–66.
Chiou, W. F., Liao, J. F. and Chen, C. F. (1996):J. Nat. Prod.,59, 374–378.
Connat, J. L., Schnuriger, V., Zanone, R., Schaeffer, C., Gaillard, M., Faivre, B., Rochette, L. (2001):Regul. Pept.,101, 169–178.
Crossman, D., McEwan, J., MacDermot, J., Mac-Intyre, I., Dollery, C. T. (1987):Br. J. Pharmacol.,92, 695–701.
Deng, P., Ye, F., Zhu, H., Cai, W., Deng, H. and Li, Y. (2003):Regul. Pept.,114, 175–182.
Deng, P. Y., Ye, F., Cai, W. J., Tan, G. S., Hu, C. P., Deng, H. W. and Li, Y. J. (2004):J. Hypertens.,22, 1819–1829.
Dong, Y. L., Green, K. E., Vegiragu, S., Hankins, G. D., Martin, E., Chauhan, M., Thota, C. and Yallampalli, C. (2005):J. Clin Endocrin. Metab.,90, 2336–2643.
Dong, Y. L., Vegiraju, S., Chauhan, M., Gangula, P. R., Hankins, G. D., Goodrum, L. and Yallampalli, C. (2004):Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.,286, H230–239.
Edvinsson, L. and Uddman, R. (2005):Brain Res. Rev.,48, 438–456.
Einjdhoven, H. W. F., Heijden, O. W. H., Fazzi, G. E., Aardenburg, R., Spaanderman, M. E. A., Peeters, L. L. H. and De Mey, J. G. R. (2003):J. Vasc. Res.,40, 344–350.
Enero, M. A., Langer, S. Z., Rothlin, R. P. and Stefano, F. J. E. (1972):Br. J. Pharmacol.,44, 672–688.
Frayon, S., Cueille, C., Gnidehou, S., de Vernejoul, M. C. and Garel, J. M. (2000):Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.,270, 1063–1067.
Gangula, P. R. R., Zhao, H., Supowit, S. C., Wimalawansa, S. J., Dipette, D. J., Westlund, K. N., Gagel, R. F. and Yallampalli, C. (2000):Hypertension,35, 470–475.
Gangula P. R. R., Zhao, H., Supowit, S., Wimalawansa, S., Dipette, D. and Yallampalli, C. (1999):Am. J. Physiol.,276, H284–288.
Gangula, P. R. R., Zhao, H., Wimalawansa, S. J., Supowit, S. C., DiPette, D. J. and Yallampalli, C. (2001):Biol. Reprod.,64, 1776–1783.
Gangula, P. R., Supowit, S. C., Wimalawansa, S. J., Zhao, H., Hallman, D. M., DiPette, D. J. and Yallampalli, C. (1997):Hypertension,29, 248–253.
Gangula, P. R., Wimalawansa, S. J. and Yallampalli, C. (1997):Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.,176, 894–900.
Gulbenkian, S., Saetrum Opgaard, O., Ekman, R., Costa Andrade, N., Wharton, J., Polak, J. M., Queiroz e Melo, J. and Edvinsson, L. (1993):Circ. Res.,73, 579–588.
Haegerstrand, A., Dalsgaard, C. J., Jonzon, B., Larsson, O. and Nilsson, J. (1990):Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.,87, 3299–3303.
Halhali, A., Wimalawansa, S. J., Berentsen, V., Avila, E., Thota, C. S. and Larrea, F.Obstet. Gynecol.,97, 893–897.
Hobara, N., Gesseis-Tsutsumi, N., Goda, M., Takayama, F., Akiyama, S., Kurosaki, Y. and Kawasaki, H. (2005):Hypertens. Res.,28, 465–474.
Hong, K. W., Yu, S. S., Shin, Y. W., Kim, C. D., Rhim, B. Y. and Lee, W. S. (1997):Life Sci.,60, 697–705.
Hu, C. P., Xiao, L., Deng, H. W. and Li, Y. J. (2003):Planta Med.,69, 125–129.
Johnston, F. G., Bell, B. A., Robertson, I. J., Miller, J. D., Haliburn, C., O’Shaughnessy, D., Riddell, A. J. and O’Laoire, S. A. (1990):Lancet,335, 869–872.
Kamitani and Sakata (2001):Biochim. Biophys. Acta,1539, 131–139.
Kawasaki, H., Inaizumi, K., Nakamura, A., Hobara, N. and Kurosaki, Y. (2003):Hypertens. Res.,26, 257–263.
Kawasaki, H., Nuki, C., Saito, A. and Takasaki, K. (1990):Brain Res.,506, 287–290.
Kawasaki, H., Nuki, C., Saito, A. and Takasaki, K. (1990):J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,252, 403–409.
Kawasaki, H., Okazaki, M., Nakatsuma, A., Mimaki, Y., Araki, H. and Gomita, Y. (1990):Jpn. J. Pharmacol.,79, 221–229.
Kawasaki, H. (2002):Jpn. J. Pharmacol.,88, 39–43.
Kline, L. and Pang, P. (1988):Eur. J. Pharmacol.,150, 233–238.
Kobayashi, Y., Hoshikuma, K., Nakano, Y., Yokoo, Y. and Kamiya, T. (2001):Planta Med.,67, 244–248.
Lanlua, P., Gangula, P. R., Taglialatela, G. and Yallampalli, C. (2001):Biol. Reprod.,65, 1601–1605.
Lundberg, J. M., Franco-Cereceda, A., Hua, X., Hokfelt, T. and Fischer, J. A. (1985):Eur. J. Pharmacol.,108, 315–319.
Márquez-Rodas, I., Longo, F., Aras-López, R., Blanco-Rivero, J., Diéguez, E., Tejerina, T., Ferrer, M. and Balfagón, G. (2006):Regul. Pept.,134, 61–66.
Masuda, A., Shimamoto, K., Mori, Y., Nakanawa, M., Ura, N. and Limura, O. (1992):J. Hypertens.,10, 1499–1504.
Morris, H. R., Panico, M., Etienne, T., Tippins, J., Girgis, S. I. and MacIntyre, I. (1984):Nature,308, 746–748.
Naghashpour, M. and Dahl, G. (2000):Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol.,278, C561-C569.
Naghashpour, M., Rosenblatt, M. I., Dickerson, I. M. and Dahl, G. P. (1997):Endocrinology,138, 4207–4214.
Nelson, M. T., Huang, Y., Brayden, J. E., Hescheler, J. and Standen, N. B. (1990):Nature,344, 770–773.
Nuki, C., Kawasaki, H., Takasaki, K. and Wada, A. (1994):J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,268, 59–64.
Oh-hashi, Y., Shindo, T., Kurihara, Y., Imai, T., Wang, Y., Morita, H., Imai, Y., Kayaba, Y., Nishimatsu, H., Suematsu, Y., Hirata, Y., Yazaki, Y., Nagai, R., Kuwaki, T. and Kurihara, H. (2001):Circ. Res.,89, 983–980.
Okajima, K., Harada, N., Uchiba, M. and Isobe, H. (2004):J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,309, 684–691.
Portaluppi, F., Trasforini, G., Margutti, A., Vergnani, L., Ambrosio, M. R., Rossi, R., Bagni, B., Pansini, R., and Uberti, E. C. (1992):J. Hypertens.,10, 1227–1234.
Poyner, D. R., Sexton, P. M., Marshall, I., Smith, D. M., Quirion, R., Born, W., Muff, R., Fischer, J. A. and Foord, S. M. (2002):Pharmacol. Rev.,54, 233–246.
Prado, M. A., Evans-Bain, B. and Dickerson, I. M. (2002):Biochem. Soc. Trans.,30, 460–464.
Qin, X. P., Ye, F., Hu, C. P., Liao, D. F., Deng, H. W. and Li, Y. J. (2004):Eur. J. Pharmacol.,488, 45–49.
Qin, X. P., Ye, F., Liao, D. F. and Li, Y. J. (2003):Eur. J. Pharmacol.,464, 63–67.
Rosenfeld, M. G., Mermod, J. J., Amara, S. G., Swanson, L. W., Sawchenko, P. E., Rivier, J., Vale, W. W. and Evans, R. M. (1983):Nature,304, 129–135.
Saetrum Opgaard, O., Gulbenkian, S., Bergdahl, A., Barroso, C. P., Andrade, N. C., Polak, J. M., Queiroz e Melo, J. Q. and Edvinsson, L. (1995):Cardiovasc. Res.,29, 463–468.
Saggese, G., Bertelloni, S., Baroncelli, G. I., Pelletti, A. and Benedetti, U. (1990):Horm. Res.,34, 240–244.
Sams-Nielsen, A., Orskov, C. and Jansen-Olesen, I. (2001):Br. J. Pharmacol.,132, 1145–1153.
Satoh, M., Perkins, E., Kimura, H., Tang, J., Chun, Y., Heistad, D. D. and Zhang, J. H. (2002):J. Neurosurg.,97, 136–142.
Schifter, S., Krusell, L. R. and Sehested, J. (1991):Am. J. Hypertens.,4, 565–569.
Skofitsch, G. and Jacobowitz, D. M. (1985):Peptides,6, 721–745.
Smith, G. D., Seckl, J. R., Sheward, W. J., Bennie, J. G., Carroll, S. M., Dick, H. and Harmar, A. J. (1991):Brain Res.,564, 27–30.
Stevenson, J. C., Macdonald, D. W., Warren, R. C., Booker, M. W. and Whitehead, M. I. (1986):Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.),293, 1329–1630.
Supowit, S. C., Christensen, M. D., Westlund, K. N., Hallman, D. M. and DiPette, D. J. (1995):Brain Research,686, 77–86.
Supowit, S. C., Guraraj, A., Ramana, C. V., Westlund, K. N. and DiPette, D. J. (1995):Hypertension,25, 1333–1338.
Supowit, S. C., Zhao, H., Wang, D. H. and Dipette, D. J. (2001):Hypertension,38, 697–700.
Supowit, S. C., Zhao, H., Hallman, D. M. and DiPette, D. J. (1997):Hypertension,29, 945–950.
Supowit, S. C., Zhao, H., Hallman, D. M. and DiPette, D. J. (1998):Hypertension,31, 391–396.
Tomobe, Y. I., Ishikawa, T. and Goto, K. (1998):Eur. J. Pharmacol.,351, 351–355.
Toyoda, K., Faraci, F. M., Russo, A. F., Davidson, B. L. and Heistad, D. D. (2000):Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol.,278, H586-H594.
Toyoda, K., Faraci, F. M., Watanabe, Y., Ueda, T., Andrese, J. J., Chu, Y., Otake, S. and Heistad, D. D. (2000):Circ. Res.,87, 818–824.
Wang, D. H. and Li, J. (1999):Hypertension,33, 499–503.
Wang, G. J., Shan, J., Pang, P. K., Yang, M. C., Chou, C. J. and Chen, C. F. (1996):J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,276, 1016–1021.
Wang, G. J., Wu, X. C., Chen, C. F., Lin, L. C., Huang, Y. T., Shan, J. and Pang, P. K. (1999):J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,289, 1237–1244.
Wang, W., Sun, W. and Wang, X. (2004):Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol.,287, 1582–1589.
Watson, R. E., Supowit, S. C., Zhao, H., Katki, K. A. and DiPette, D. J. (2002):Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res.,35, 1033–1045.
Wellman, G. C., Quayle, J. M. and Standen, N. B. (1998):J. Physiol.,507, 117–129.
Wimalawansa, S. J., Supowit, S. C. and DiPette, D. J. (1995):Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.,73, 981–985.
Wimalawansa, S. J. (1992):Aging (Milano),4, 211–217.
Wimalawansa, S. J. (1993):Am. J. Hypertens.,6, 996–1002.
Wimalawansa, S. J. (1996):Endocrin. Rev.,17, 533–585.
Xu, D., Wang, X. A., Wang, J. P., Yuan, Q. X., Fiscus, R. R., Chang, J. K. and Tang, J. A. (1989):Peptides,10, 309–312.
Yallampalli, C., Kondapaka, S. B., Lanlua, P., Wimalawansa, S. J. and Gangula, P. R. (2004):Biol. Reprod.,70, 1055–1062.
Yamada, M., Ishikawa, T., Fujimori, A., Miyauchi, T. and Goto, K. (1998):Peptides,19, 697–701.
Yamaga, N., Kawasaki, H., Inaizumi, K., Shimizu, M., Nakamura, A. and Kurosaki, Y. (2001):Jpn. J. Pharmacol.,86, 448–450.
Zoccali, C., Mallamaci, F. and Parlongo, S. (1994):J. Hypertens.,12, 1249–1253.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Márquez-Rodas, I., Longo, F., Rothlin, R.P. et al. Pathophysiology and therapeutic possibilities of calcitonin gene-related peptide in hypertension. J Physiol Biochem 62, 45–56 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03165805
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03165805