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Ambulante Katheterablation

Outpatient radiofrequency catheter ablation: Indications, results, risks

Indikationen, Ergebnisse, Risiken

  • Weitere Arbeit zum Heftthema von Ausgabe 1/98
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Zusammenfassung

Bei 162 Patienten wurden 176 Katheterablationen ambulant durchgeführt. Die Indikation bestand aus anfallsweisem Herzrasen bei 167 Prozeduren, 74mal mit Präsynkope oder Synkope. Siebenmal bestanden hochsymptomatische Palpitationen, einmal rezidivierende Synkopen und einmal ein bisher asymptomatisches Wolff-Parkinson-White-Syndrom. Durch die Ablation wurde 78mal eine AV-Knoten-Reentry-Tachykardie, 56mal eine akzessorische Leitungsbahn, 15mal Vorhofflattern, 16mal Vorhofflimmern, achtmal eine atriale Tachykardie und dreimal eine idiopathische ventrikuläre Tachykardie behandelt. Die Erfolgsrate betrug 86%. Nach 148 Ablationen wurden die Patienten innerhalb von 24 Stunden entlassen, davon 28mal nach drei Stunden, jeweils mit unkompliziertem Verlauf. In 28 Fällen erfolgte eine stationäre Einweisung, 15mal aufgrund von Wundschmerzen, zwölfmal wegen geringfügiger, ablationsbedingter Komplikationen, einmal wegen Perikardtamponade, die operativ versorgt werden mußte. Bei einem Patienten trat drei Tage nach Ablation einer atrialen Tachykardie und Entlassung am selben Tag ein rechtsatrialer Thrombus mit konsekutiver Lungenembolie auf. Insgesamt betrug die Inzidenz schwerwiegender Komplikationen 2,27%.

Die Katheterablation kann auch ambulant effektiv und sicher durchgeführt werden.

Summary

The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy, feasibility, and safety of outpatient radiofrequency catheter ablation in 162 consecutive patients. There were 83 men and 79 women at a mean age of 47+15 years; 13 patients underwent 2 and 1 patient 3 ablation procedures. In 167 cases patients suffered from highly symptomatic paroxysmal tachycardia associated with presyncope or syncope in 74. Severe palpitations were present in 7 cases and recurrent syncope in 1 case. One patient had an asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with a shortest RR-interval during atrial fibrillation of 150 ms. The mechanism of tachycardia was found to be atrioventricular nodal reentry in 78 cases, atrioventricular reentry involving an accessory atrioventricular pathway in 56, atrial fibrillation in 16, atrial flutter of the common type in 15, ectopic atrial tachycardia in 8, and idiopathic ventricular tachycardia in 3. Catheter ablation was performed in these 176 cases at an overall success rate of 86%. In 148 cases patients could be treated on an outpatient basis and were discharged after a maximal observation time of 3 hours in 28, and 24 hours in another 120 cases. Short-term follow-up was uneventful in these patients. After 28 ablation procedures patients had to be admitted to the hospital, because of pain at the puncture sites or after pacemaker implantation in 15 cases, because of minor complications in 12, and because of pericardial tamponade in 1 case. Another severe complication occurred in 1 patient after successful ablation of right atrial tachycardia. Three days after discharge the patient suffered from pulmonary embolism originating from a thrombus at the ablation site. After hospital admission the patient recovered completely. In general, complication rate was 2.27%.

This study shows that catheter ablation can be performed effectively and safely on an outpatient basis.

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Kunze, KP., Hayen, B. & Geiger, M. Ambulante Katheterablation. Herz 23, 135–140 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03044544

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