Article PDF
References
Davenport, H.T. &Quan, P. Methoxyflurane anaesthesia in pediatrics: a clinical report. Can. Med. Assoc. J.91: 1291–1294 (1964).
McGarry, P.M.F. Clinical experience with methoxyflurane (Penthrane).Can. Anaesth. Soc. J. 10: 380–389 (1963).
Kok, O.V.S., Villiers, L.S. de, Cilliers, C.S., &Oosthuizen, O.A. Methoxyflurane (Penthrane): a new inhalation anaesthetic. Med. Proc.8: 9–16 (1962).
Etsten, B. &Li, T.H. Effects of anesthesia upon the heart. Am. J. Cardiol.6: 706–715 (1960).
Honig, C.R. &Tenney, S.M. Determinants of the circulatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia. Am. Heart J.53: 687–698 (1957).
Kontos, H.A., Mauck, H.P. Jr.,Richardson, D.W., &Patterson, J.L. Jr. Mechanism of circulatory responses to systemic hypoxia in the anesthetised dog. Am. J. Physiol.209: 397–403 (1965).
Daly, M. de B. &Ungar, A. Comparison of the reflex responses elicited by stimulation of the separately perfused carotid and aortic body chemoreceptors in the dog. J. Physiol.182: 379–403 (1966).
Daly, M. de B. &Scott, M.J. The effect of hypoxia on the heart rate of the dog with special reference to the contribution of the carotid body chemoreceptors. J. Physiol.145: 440–446 (1959).
Jones, J.R., Sandhu, R.S., &Adwers, J.R. Acute hypoxia: tachycardia or bradycardia? Circulation32 (suppl. 2): 120 (1965).
Regan, M.J. &Eger, E.I. Effect of hypothermia in dogs on anesthetising and apneic doses of inhalational agents: determination of the anesthetic index (apnea/mac). Anesthesiology28: 689–700 (1967).
Cullen, D.J. &Eger, E.I. The effects of halothane on respiratory and cardiovascular responses to hypoxia in dogs: A dose-response study. Anesthesiology33: 487–496 (1970).
Schuurmans-Stekhoven, J.H. &Kreuzer, F. Alveolar-arterial O2 and CO2 pressure differences in the anesthetized artificially ventilated dog. Resp. Physiol.3: 177–191 (1967).
Suwa, K., Hedley-Whyte, J., &Bendixen, H.H. Circulation and physiologic dead space changes on controlling the ventilation of dogs. J. Appl. Physiol.21: 1855–1859 (1966).
Nisbet, H.I.A., Gray, I.G., Olley, P.M., &Johnston, A.E. Cardiovascular and respiratory responses to severe hypoxaemia under anaesthesia: I. The effect of various concentrations of three anaesthetic agents upon the cardiovascular response and oxygen transport. Can. Anaesth. Soc. J.19: 339–350 (1972).
Daly, M. de B. &Scott, M.J. The cardiovascular responses to stimulation of the carotid body chemoreceptors in the dog. J. Physiol. (Lond.)165: 179–197 (1963).
Downing, S.E., Remensnyder, J.P., &Mitchell, J.H. Cardiovascular responses to hypoxic stimulation of the carotid bodies. Circ. Res.10: 676–685 (1962).
Kontos, H.A., Vetrovec, G.W., &Richardson, D.W. Role of carotid chemoreceptors in circulatory response to hypoxia in dogs. J. Appl. Physiol.28: 561–565 (1970).
Krasney, J.A. Efferent components of the cardioaccelerator responses to oxygen lack and cyanide. Am. J. Physiol.213: 1475–1479 (1967).
Hatcher, J.D. &Jennings, D.B. Evidence for the role of humoral mechanisms in the cardiovascular responses to hypoxia and anaemia.In: International Symposium on the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Effects of Hypoxia. Kingston, Ont., 1965, Proceedings. Basel: Karger (1966), pp. 174–190.
Cross, C.E., Rieben, P.A., Barron, C.L., &Salisbury, B.F. Effects of arterial hypoxia on heart and circulation: an integrative study. Am. J. Physiol.205: 963–970 (1963).
Case, R.B. Effect of low PO2 on left ventricular function.In: International symposium on the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of hypoxia. Kingston, Ont., 1965, Proceedings. Basel: Karger (1966), pp. 191–207.
Duke, P., Wade, J.G., Hickey, R., & Larson, C.P. Jr. The effect of age on baroreceptor function in man. Proc. of the Am. Soc. Anes. Absts. of Scientific Papers, pp. 58–59, San Francisco (1969).
Biscoe, T.J. &Millar, R.A. Effects of inhalation anaesthetics on carotid body chemoreceptor activity. Br. J. Anaesth.40: 2–12 (1968).
Skovsted, P., Price, M.L., &Price, H.L. The effects of halothane on arterial pressure, preganglionic sympathetic activity and barostatic reflexes. Anesthesiology31: 507–514 (1969).
Eisele, J.H., Trenchard, D., Stubbs, J., &Guz, A. The immediate cardiac depression by anaesthetics in conscious dogs. Br. J. Anaesth.41: 86–93 (1969).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Supported in part by a grant from the Canadian Red Cross Youth, Ontario.
Paper read by. Dr. H.I.A. Nisbet at the 5th World Congress of Anaesthesiologists, Kyoto, Japan, September 1972.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gray, I.G., Nisbet, H.I.A., Olley, P.M. et al. Cardiovascular and respiratory responses to severe hypoxaemia under anaesthesia. Canad. Anaesth. Soc. J. 20, 637–646 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03026261
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03026261