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Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Departments of Anaesthesia, The Toronto Hospital and Mount Sinai Hospital, Canada
Brian P. Kavanagh, Cuong Ngo, Davy C. H. Cheng, Osamu Nishida, Ramiro Arellano, Patty Boylen & Wilfred DeMajo
Medical/Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St., M5G 2C4, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Brian P. Kavanagh & Cuong Ngo
Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario
Jamal A. Alhashemi, Anne C. P. Lui, Dennis Reid, Nicholas Cicutti, Barbra Krepski, Gordon Wood, Daren K. Heyland, Joel Parlow, Jean-Paul Viale, Gérard Bégou, Pierre Sagnard, Richard Hughson, Luc Quintin, A. Joel Dagnone & Joel L. Parlow
Departments of Anesthesia and Cardiovascular Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, University Campus, N6A 5A5, London, Ontario
Neal H. Badner, John M. Murkin, Jim Mohr & F. Neil McKenzie
Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital De Weezenlanden, Zwolle, The Netherlands
Peter J. A. van der Starre & W. T. van Rooyen-Butijn
Department of Anæsthesia & Department of Surgery, Hamilton General Division, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation & McMaster University, 237 Barton St. E., L8L 2X2, Hamilton, Ont.
Karen Raymer, Homer Yang, Kristine Wilson-Yang, Kevin Teoh & R. M. K. W. Lee
Department of Anaesthesia, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
Imtiaz Hossain, Davy Cheng, Jacek Karski, Buvanendran Asokumar, Alan Sandier, Noreen Dowd, Davy Cheng, David Wong, Jo Carroll-Munro, Clare Trachuk, Davy C. H. Cheng, David T. Wong, Rafal Kustra, Jacek Karski, Robert J. Tibshirani, Jacek Karski & Robert J. Tibshirani
Departments of Anaesthesia, CVT Surgery, Radiology London Health Sciences Centre, University Campus, University of Western Ontario, 339 Windermere Road, London, Ontario
John M. Murkin, Marc A. St-Amand, John M. Murkin, Alan H. Menkis, Donal B. Downey, William Nantau, Sandy Adams, Alan H. Menkis & Sandy Adams
Departments of Anaesthesia and Cardiology and Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, M5G 2C4, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
N. Cregg, D. C. H. Cheng, W. G. Williams, J. M. Karski, S. Siu & G. Webb
Department Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Toronto, M5G 2C4, Toronto, Canada
Davy C. H. Cheng, David T. Wong, Rafal Kustra, Jacek Karski & Robert J. Tibshirani
Department of Anesthesia, Laval Hospital, G1V4G5, Ste-Foy, P.Q., Canada
Dany L. Côté
Discipline of Anesthesia, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John’s, A1B 3V6, Newfoundland
David E. Lacey & Kenneth M. LeDez
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Ottawa, Ottawa General Hospital, 501 Smyth Road, K1H 8L6, Ottawa, Ontario
Jamal A. Alhashemi, Julia A. Smith, Edward T. Crosby, Wlodzimierz Grodecki, Peter J. Duffy, Kathryn A. Hull & Peter J. Duffy
Departments of Anesthesiology and of Community and Family Medicine (Epidemiology), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
Fredrick K. Orkin
Dept. Anaesthesia, The Toronto Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
A. Fisher, G. Volgyesi, J. Silverman, S. Edelstein, J. Rucker, L. Sommer & S. Dunington
Department of Anaesthesia, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, 3175 Ch. Côte-Ste-Catherine, H3T 1C5, Montréal, Québec
L. Roy, C. Crochetière, M. -Y. Arsenault, E. Villeneuve & L. Lortie
Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, 3175 Ch. Côte-Ste-Catherine, H3T 1C5, Montréal, Québec
L. Roy, C. Crochetière, M. -Y. Arsenault, E. Villeneuve & L. Lortie
Department of Anaesthesia, BC Women’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
Caroline S. Grange, M. Joanne Douglas, Timothy J. Adams, Pamela M. Merrick & S. Brian Lucas
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario
Pamela J. Morgan, Stephen Halpern & Jason Lo
Department of Anaesthesia, Women’s College Hospital, 76 Grenville St., M5S 1B2, Toronto, Ontario
Carolyn L. Giesinger, Stephen H. Halpern & Terrance W. Breen
Chronic Pain Management Unit, Department of Anaesthesia, Ottawa General Hospital, 501 Smyth Road, K1H 8L6, Ottawa, Ontario
Dennis Reid, Srigowri Vishnubala & Geeta R. Shetty
Department of Anaesthesiology, UCL Medical School, St Luc Hospital, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
M. De Kock, A. Lagmiche & J. L. Scholtes
Departments of Anaesthesia and Urology, Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, B3H 2Y9, Halifax, NS
Geoffrey S. Hawboldt, Alexander J. Clark, J. Bruce Smith, Richard W. Norman, Narendra Vakharia & Heather Francis
McMaster University Medical Center, 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
W. Scott Beattie
Dept. of Anaes.,The Toronto Hosp., Univ. of Toronto, ONT
A. Sandier
Dept. of Urol., The Toronto Hosp., Univ. of Toronto, ONT
M. Jewett & H. Sampson
Dept. of Psychol., The Toronto Hosp., Univ. of Toronto, ONT
L. Valiquette
Dept. of Med., Sunnybrook Health. Sci. Ctre., Univ. of Toronto, ONT
J. Katz
Dept. of Urol., Hôp. Saint-Luc, Univ. Montreal, Quebec City, QUE
Y. Fradet
L’Hôtel-Dieu de Que., Univ. Laval, Quebec City, QUE
D. Redelmeier
Discipline of Anesthesia and the Centre for Offshore & Remote Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, A1B 3V6, St. John’s, NF
Jeff Cole, Todd Chedore, Walter Snedden & Robert G. Green
Department of Anesthesiology, Rush Medical College at Rush- Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Mitchel B. Sosis & Philip I. Robles
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta
Edward R. Lazar, Donald T. Jolly, Yun K. Tarn, Soheir R. Tawfik, Alexander S. Clanachan, Barry A. Finegan, Brendan T. Finucane & Ireneusz Wachowski
Kingston Collegiate and Vocational Institute, Kingston, Ontario
Avaleigh Milne & Travis Beamish
Departments of Anaesthesia and Cardiology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, University Campus, London, Canada
D. J. Cuillerier, M. D. Sharpe, J. K. Lee, M. Basta, A. D. Krahn, G. J. Klein, R. Yee, M. Basta, A. D. Krahn & R. Yee
Department of Anaesthesia, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Hospital and Health Science Centre, 910 W. 10th Avenue, V5Z 4E3, Vancouver, B.C.
Louis Scheepers, Himat Vaghadia, Dan Viskari & A. Berrill
Department of Anesthesia, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12 Ave North, J1H 5N4, Fleurimont, P.Qué.
Joanne Carrier, René Martin, Marline Pirlet, Yves Claprood & Jean-Pierre Tétrault
Department of Anesthesia, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
T. D. Wong, G. Lefevre, D. Thiessen, L. Girling & W. A. C. Mutch
Institute for Biodiagnostics, National Research Council of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
L. Ryner, P. Kozlowski, G. Scarth & J. Saunders
Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
R. K. Warrian, L. Doiron & C. McCudden
Department of Anaesthesia, Hôpital de l’Enfant-Jésus, Laval University, Québec, Canada
Stéphan Langevin, Martin R. Lessard & Claude A. Trépanier
Department of Anaesthesia, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, 1278 Tower Road, B3H 2Y9, Halifax, Nova Scotia
Gregory M. T. Hare & Johnson C. S. Ngan
Department of Anesthesia, Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Québec
Christian Jodoin, Jacques Couture & François Bellemare
Department of Anaesthesia, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, 1278 Tower Road, B3J 2Y9, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Stephen Farmer & Holly Muir
Department of Anaesthesia, Kingston General Hospital, 76 Stuart Street, K7L 2V7, Kingston, Ontario
Phyllis Money, Brian Milne, Joel Parlow & Jennifer Raymond
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, 339 Windermere Rd, N6A 5A5, London, Ontario, Canada
Julie M. Williams, Rosemary A. Craen, Teresa Novick & Wendy Komar
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 619 South 19th Street, 35233-6810, Birmingham, AL, USA
Luc Frenette, Jerry Cox, B. Lockhart, P. McArdle, D. Eckhoff & S. Bynon
Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 619 South 19th Street, 35233-6810, Birmingham, AL, USA
D. Eckhoff & S. Bynon
London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, 339 Windermere Road, N6A 5A5, London, Ontario, Canada
Wojciech B. Dobkowski, David R. Grant, William J. Wall, Juditli L. Kutt & Beruie Y. Mezon
Departments of Anesthesia, Pharmacology and Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
Edgar G. Chedrawy, Richard I. Hall & Vivian Nedelcu
Departments of Anaesthesia, Hôpital Eduard Herriot, Lyon, France
Joel Parlow, Jean-Paul Viale, Gérard Bégou, Pierre Sagnard, Richard Hughson & Luc Quintin
Laboratory of Anaesthesia, Department of Anaesthesia, Université de Montréal, 1560 Sher- brooke St East, H2L 4ML, Montréal, Québec
Éric Troncy, Jean-Paul Collet, Stan Shapiro, Jean-Gilles Guimond, Louis Blair, Thiérry Ducruet, Martin Francœur, Marc Charbonneau & Gilbert Blaise
Laboratory of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, Hôpital Notre-Dame, Université de Montréal, 1560 Sher- brooke St East, H2L 4ML, Montréal, Québec
Jean-Gilles Guimond, Louis Blair & Marc Charbonneau
Centre for Clinical Epi- demiology and Community Studies; Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste. Catherine Rd, H3T 1E2, Montréal, Québec
Jean-Paul Collet, Stan Shapiro & Thiérry Ducruet
Discipline of Anesthesia and Centre for Offshore and Remote Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, A1B 3V6, St. John’s, NF
W. Snedden, E. Bernadska & H. I. Manson
Department of Anaesthesia, Foothills Hospital, University of Calgary, T2N 2T9, Calgary, Canada
David P. Archer & Sheldon H. Roth
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto Hospital, Western Division, 399 Bathurst St., MST 2S8, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Sitaram Raman, Pirjo Manninen & Kevin Boyle
Dept of Anaesthesia, London Health Sciences Centre and Imaging Lab, Robarts Research Institute, 339 Windermere Rd, N6A 5A5, London, Canada
Rosemary A. Craen, Aleksa Cenic, Ting-Yim Lee & Adrian W. Gelb
Department of Anaesthesia, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, M5B 1W8, Toronto, Ontario
F. X. Reinders, J. I. M. Brown, A. J. Baker, R. J. Moulton & L. Schlichtert
Department Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, M5B 1W8, Toronto, Ontario
J. I. M. Brown & R. J. Moulton
Playfair Neuroscience Unit, University of Toronto, Canada
L. Schlichtert
Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The University Of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
Stephan K. W. Schwarz & Ernest Puil
Department of Anaesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, The University Of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
Stephan K. W. Schwarz & Ernest Puil
Department of Anaesthesia, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Ave, M4N 3M5, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Matt M. Kurrek, J. Hugh Devitt, Marsha M. Cohen, Melissa Shaw & Marsha Cohen
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Toronto, Canada
Pamela J. Morgan, Doreen Cleave-Hogg, John Bradley & Robert Byrick
Mount Sinai Hospital, Canada
Pamela J. Morgan
Centre for Research in Education, University of Toronto and The Toronto Hospital, Canada
Doreen Cleave-Hogg
The Toronto Hospital, Canada
John Bradley
St. Michael’s Hospital, Canada
Robert Byrick
Department of Anaesthesia, St Joesph’s Health Centre, 268 Grosvenor Street, N6A 4V2, London, Ontario
Salvatore M. Spadafora, John G. Fuller & Mark H. Gelula
Department of Medical Education, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
Mark H. Gelula
UBC Department of Anaesthesia, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, Room 2449 - 910 West 10th Avenue, V5Z 4E3, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
Pamela M. Merrick, Kelly Mayson & Bruce Forster
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Toronto, Fitzgerald Building, Room 132,150 College Street, M5S 1A8, Toronto, Ontario
R. J. Byrick, D. J. McKnight, M. Kurrek, M. Kolton, D. Cleave-Hogg, J. Haughton, S. Halpern & J. Kronberg
Department of Anaesthesia, Foothills Hospital at the University of Calgary, 1409 - 29th Street N.W., T2N 2T9, Calgary, AB
Sandy Shysh & Chris Eagle
Laboratory of Anaesthesia, Department of Anaesthesia, Hôpital Notre-Dame, Université de Montréal, 1560 Sherbrooke St. East, H2L 4ML, Montréal, Québec
G. Blaise, F. Yang, H. Nguyen, E. Troncy & G. Czaika
Department of anesthesiology, UCL Medical school, Saint-Luc Hospital, Avenue Hippocrate, 10-1821, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
Hervé Deladrière, Chantal Cambier & Philippe Pendeville
Depts. of Anaesthesia and Pharmacology, and College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
O. R. Hung, E. Coonan, S. C. Whynot, M. Mezei, E. Coonan & S. C. Whynot
Departments of Anaesthesia and Microbiology, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation and McMaster University School of Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario
Anthony M. -H. Ho, Ingrid S. Luchsinger & Elizabeth Ling
Department of Anaesthetics, University of Zimbabwe Medical School, P.O. Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
Doreen Mashava & Herbert M. Chinyanga
Departments of Anaesthesia and Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, Canada
Robblee J. A., Labow R. S. & Rubens F. D.
Université Louis Pasteur, 67000, Strasbourg, France
A. M. Diemunsch & R. Gervais
Departments of Anaesthesia and Nursing, St. Michael’s Hospital and the Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
D. K. Rose, M. M. Cohen, L. O’Brien-Pallas, C. Copplestone, D. K. Rose, K. Karkouti & K. Sykora
Department of Anaesthesia and Cardiac Surgery, Royal Liverpool Children’s NHS Trust, Eaton Road, L12 2AP, Liverpool, UK
Shirley L. W. Cheung, Peter D. Booker, Roger Franks & Marco Pozzi
Department of Anaesthesia and the Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
Beverley Guard, Nancy Sikich, Jerrold Lerman, Mark Levine, Hilton Swan & Peter Cox
Department of Anaesthesia and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, B.C. Children’s Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, V6H 3V4, Vancouver, B.C.
Pamela M. Merrick, Louis Scheepers, Carolyne Montgomery, Gillian Dunn, Russell Bourne, Anna Kinahan, James McCormack, Gillian S. Dunn, Eleanor J. Reimer & Peter Sanderson
Departments of Anaesthesia and Pharmacy, British Columbia’s Children’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak St, V6H 3V4, Vancouver, BC
Peter M. Sanderson, Carolyne J. Montgomery & Terri A. Betts
Department of Anaesthesia, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, Room 3200 - 910 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
Guy R. Orlay & David H. Wong
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto Hospital, Western Division, 399 Bathurst St, MST 2S8, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
A. A. Al-Kaisy, V. Chan, P. Peng, A. Perlas & A. Miniad
Department of Anaesthesiology, Vancouver Hospital and Health Science Centre, Canada
Edward V. Cushing & Keith R. Mills
Department of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Canada
Edward V. Cushing & Keith R. Mills
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto Hospital, Western Division, 339 Bathurst St., M5T 2S8, Toronto, Ontario
Hossam El-Beheiry, Shokrollah S. Jahromi, John Weaver, Mary Morris & Peter L. Carien
Dept. of Anaesthesia, The Toronto Hospital Western Division, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst St., M5T 2S8, Toronto, ON
Robert McTaggart Cowan, Pirjo Manninen & Jonathan Richards
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa Civic Hospital, 1053 Carling Avenue, K1Y 4E9, Ottawa, Ontario
J. A. Robblee, R. S. Labow & F. D. Rubens
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Manitoba, St. Boniface General Hospital, 409 Taché Avenue, R2H 2A6, Winnipeg, Manitoba
Blair T. Henderson, Robert J. Hudson, Ian R. Thomson, Michael Moon, Mark D. Peterson & Morley Rosenbloom
Departments of Anaesthesia and Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario
Patrick J. Davison, Mohamed Ali & Naheed S. Ali
Department of Anaesthesia, Montreal Heart Institute (University of Montreal), HIT 1C8, Montreal, Quebec
Norman R. Searle, Micheline Roy & Line Gagnon
Department of Anaesthesia, St-Boniface Hospital (University of Winnipeg), R2H 3C3, Winnipeg, Manitoba
Ian Thomson
Department of Anaesthesia and Divisions of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, M5B 1W8, Toronto, Ontario
A. Lye, F. Walsh, W. Middleton, D. Wong, A. Langer, L. Errett & C. D. Mazer
University of Toronto, Canada
A. Lye, F. Walsh, W. Middleton, D. Wong, A. Langer, L. Errett & C. D. Mazer
Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Toronto, M5G 2C4, Toronto, Canada
Jo Carroll-Munro, David T. Wong, Rafal Kustra, Jacek Karski & Robert J. Tibshirani
University Department of Anaesthesia, Leicester Royal Infirmary, LE1 5WW, Leicester, UK
Karin M. Williamson & Graham Smith
Dept of Anaesthesia, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, 76 Grenville Street Toronto, M5S 1B2, Ontario, Canada
Stephen Halpern & Kandiah P. Gnanendran
Department of Anaesthesia, Waikato Hospital, Private Bag, Hamilton, New Zealand
S. J. Bignell, S. Jones, J. Sleigh & M. Arnell
Department of Anaesthesia, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, M5G 1X8, Toronto, Ontario
Jan-Ake I. Schultz & David W. Fear
St. Joseph’s Health Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.
S. Ganapathy, C. Moote, R. Wassermann, J. Watson, K. Armstrong, S. Ganapathy, H. Sandhu & S. Spadafora
Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, 34303, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
Aznif Ozsolak Calikyan, Oya Yilmaz & Yildiz Kose
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto Hospital, Western Division, 399 Bathurst St., M5T 2S8, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Philip Peng, Vincent Chan, Frances Chung, Andrew R. Claxton, Ananthan Krishnathas & Gabor Mezei
Departments of Anaesthesia and General Internal Medicine University Campus, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario
Rosemary A. Craen, Neal H. Badner, Terri L. Paul & Jacqueline A. Doyle
Department of Anesthesiology, Internal Medicine and Preventive Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, USA
Mahesh Mehta, Luiz G. R. DeLima, Lucia E. O. Silva, Warren L. May, Roy J. Maliakkal & Mahesh Mehta
Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton General Hospital, 237 Barton Street East, L8L 2X2, Hamilton, Ontario
Richard Kolesar & Geoffrey Dunn
Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, The Toronto Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, M5G 2C4, Toronto, Ontario
Ramiro Arellano, Sara Rafuse & Mary Fletcher
Department of Anaesthesia, Ottawa Civic Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
Michael Curran, Paul Bragg, Wayne Chamberlain & MaryLou Crossan
Departments of Anaesthesia & Plastic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, 339 Windermere Rd, N6A 5A5, London, Ont
C. Moote, R. Mian, B. Evans, L. Hurst & S. Katsiris
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Additional information
Supported in part by Abbott Laboratories, Montreal, Canada.
N6A 5A5. Supported by MRC Grant # MT-13406
Supported, in part, by The Louis Holland Trust.
Supported in part by a grant from Abbott Laboratories Ltd.
Supported in part by a grant from Abbott Laboratories Ltd.
Supported in part by Physion, Vitaid, and Astra Canada Ltd.
Supported by Abbott Laboratories Limited.
Supported by MRC of Canada and Fonds de développement en
Supported by Burroughs-Wellcome CAS Research Award
Supported by Zeneca Pharma Can Research Award
Supported by Physicians’ Services Incorporated Foundation
Supported by Abbott Laboratories Limited.
Funded by The Physicians Services Incorporated Foundation.
This study was supported by a grant from the physicians of
Supported by the physicians of Ontario through the P.S.I. Foundation
This study was supported by a grant from P.S.I. Foundation
Supported by a grant from the Vancouver Foundation.
Supported by MRC Grant # MT-13406
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Kavanagh, B.P., Ngo, C., Raymer, K. et al. Abstracts. Can J Anaesth 44 (Suppl 1), A3–A73 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03022274
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03022274
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