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A brief review of radiolarian research

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Abstract

The biosiliceous Shells of radiolarian Zooplankton are common fossils since the Cambrian. With several hundred species living in all ocean regions and at all water depths, their fossils provide a richly detailed record of Phanerozoic oceans and biological evolution for study. Radiolarians have been employed with great success in studies of climate change (e. g. CLIMAP), in biostratigraphic dating of both Cenozoic deep-sea Sediments and more ancient sedimentary rocks, often in metamorphosed tectonic terranes, and in studies of evolutionary processes, including speciation and factors Controlling macroevolutionary change in entire faunas. More recently radiolarians have been employed to understand productivity change in the oceans, using the ratio of surface to deep-water species as an organic carbon export indicator. Radiolarian research, while successful, is still limited by poor knowledge of the biology of the group, and by incomplete taxonomy, even at the most basic level of species descriptions.

Kurzfassung

Silikatische Schalen von den zum Zooplankton gehörenden Radiolarien sind seit dem Kambrium weit verbreitete Fossilien. Heute gibt es mehrere hundert lebende Arten in allen Ozeanregionen und allen Wassertiefen. Ihre Fossilien reflektieren sehr genau die Geschichte der phanerozoischen Meere und bieten die Möglichkeit, Prozesse während der Evolution zu studieren. Radiolarien wurden erfolgreich für Paläoklimastudien, in der Biostratigraphie, vor allem von känozoischen Tiefsee- und auch älteren Sedimenten von heute tektonisch beanspruchten Gebieten und für Untersuchungen von Evolutionsprozessen genutzt. Diese schlie?en Themen wie Artbildung und kontrollierende Faktoren bei der Makroevolution ganzer Faunen ein. Neuerdings wurden Radiolarien dazu genutzt, Produktivitätsänderungen in den Meeren zu verstehen, wobei das Verhältnis von Oberflächenwasser-Arten zu Tiefwasser-Arten als ein Anzeiger für den Export von organischem Kohlenstoff dient. Obwohl Radiolarienforschung erfolgreich ist, gibt es aufgrund des unvollständigen Wissens über die Biologie und die unvollständige Taxonomie dieser Gruppe, sogar auf niedrigem taxonomischen Niveau, etwa bei Artbeschreibungen, heute noch Grenzen.

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  1. Institut für Paläontologie, Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115, Berlin, Germany

    David Lazarus

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Lazarus, D. A brief review of radiolarian research. Paläontol Z 79, 183–200 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03021761

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