Abstract
Purpose: Pneumoperitoneum can cause disturbances in acid-base balance and splanchnic perfusion. We studied the effect of ventilation on acid-base balance and gastric mucosal tonometric values in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Methods: Twenty-four patients (ASA I–II) were randomly allocated into two groups. In the fixed ventilation group, ventilation was constant allowing free increase in PCO2, while in the constant CO2 group end-tidal PCO2 was fixed with ventilatory adjustment. Intraabdominal pressure was limited to 12 mmHg. Arterial acid-base balance, automated air tonometric variables and gastric mucosal to arterial PCO2 gap were determined frequently from anesthesia induction until three hours postoperatively.
Results: During pneumoperitoneum, in the fixed ventilation group arterial PCO2 changed from 5.0±0.2 to 6.6±0.4 kPa and pH from 7.43±0.03 to 7.33±0.04, tonometric PCO2 from 5.1±0.5 to 6.9±0.4 and pH from 7.44±0.04 to 7.33±0.04. In the constant CO2 group these variables remained at control levels (P<0.01 between groups). The PCO2 gap remained unchanged without any differences between the groups. In the recovery room all measured variables were within normal range in both groups.
Conclusion: Despite inter-group differences in arterial and tonometric PCO2 and pH values during CO2 pneumoperitoneum, the patients did not develop splanchnic hypoperfusion detectable by air tonometric method, as indicated by normal PCO2 gap in both groups throughout the study.
Résumé
Objectif: Le pneumopéritoine peut causer des perturbations de l’équilibre acido-basique et de l’irrigation splanchnique. Nous avons étudié l’effet de la ventilation sur l’équilibre acido-basique et la tonométrie de la muqueuse gastrique chez des patients devant subir une cholécystectomie laparoscopique.
Méthode: Vingt-quatre patients (ASA I–II) ont été répartis au hasard en deux groupes. Dans le premier groupe, à ventilation fixe, la ventilation était constante et permettait une augmentation libre de la PCO2, tandis que dans le second groupe, au CO2 constant, la PCO2 de fin d’expiration était fixe par ventilation adaptée. La pression intraabdominale était limitée à 12 mmHg. L’équilibre acido-basique artériel, les variables automatisées de la tonométrie gazeuse de la muqueuse gastrique, pour calculer l’écart de PCO2 artériel, ont été déterminés fréquemment depuis l’induction de l’anesthésie jusqu’à trois heures après l’opération.
Résultats: Pendant le pneumopéritoine, dans le groupe à ventilation fixe, la PCO2 artérielle est passée de 5,0±0,2 à 6,6±0,4 kPa et le pH de 7,43±0,03 à 7,33±0,04; la PCO2 tonométrique est passée de 5,1±0,5 à 6,9±0,4 et le pH de 7,44±0,04 à 7,33±0,04. Dans le groupe au CO2 constant, ces variables ont conservé les valeurs témoins (P<0,01 intergroupe). L’écart de PCO2 est demeuré inchangé et sans différence intergroupe. Dans la salle de réveil, toutes les variables mesurées étaient dans les limites de la normale pour les patients des deux groupes.
Conclusion: Malgré des différences intergroupes de PCO2, artérielle et tonométrique, et de pH pendant le pneumopéritoine au CO2, les patients n’ont pas présenté d’hypoperfusion splanchnique détectable par tonométrie gazeuse, comme l’indique l’écart normal de PCO2 chez les patients des deux groupes.
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Mäkinen, MT., Heinonen, P.O., Klemola, UM. et al. Gastric air tonometry during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a comparison of two PaCO2 levels. Can J Anaesth 48, 121–128 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03019723
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03019723