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The first carnivoran fauna from the Ruscinium (Early Pliocene, MN 15) of Germany

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Abstract

The first detailed description and comparative information is given for the carnivoran fauna from Wölfersheim (Hesse), the only Ruscinian (MN 15) fauna thus far known from Germany. The Carnivora is represented by 31 specimens which belong to the following taxa:Ursus minimus boeckhi n. comb., cf.Pannonictis, Enhydrictis ardea, Baranogale sp.,Mustela plioerminea, andParailurus anglicus. The specimens ofUrsus, Enhydrictis, andMustela show the most plesiomorphic states of tooth morphology hitherto known in these genera. With a total of 18 specimens,Parailurus is the most common carnivoran in Wölfersheim and makes the collection the second largest assemblage of fossil ailurids. It provides new information about intraspecific dental variability which allows placement of all specimens described asP. hungaricus into the type speciesP. anglicus. Furthermore, we offer additional support for the validity of the genusParailurus. One controversial specimen is interpreted as a dP4/ ofP. anglicus instead of as an aberrant Ml/ of a newParailurus species.

The carnivoran fauna of Wölfersheim is unique due to the presence of bothMustela andParailurus. It confirms the existence of a nearly uniform carnivoran fauna from MN 14 to MN 16 in Eurasia and in more limited respect also in North America. Nevertheless, some faunal differences can be fond between southwestern and central/northeastern Europe.

Kurzfassung

Von der bislang einzigen deutschen ruscinischen (MN 15) Fundstelle Wölfersheim (Hessen) werden sechs Carnivoren beschrieben. Insgesamt 31 Stücke werden den TaxaUrsus minimus boeckhi n. comb., cf.Pannonictis, Enhydrictis ardea, Baranogale sp.,Mustela plioerminea undParailurus anglicus zugeordnet.Ursus, Enhydrictis undMustela sind durch die bislang ursprünglichsten Stücke repräsentiert, die so die plesiomorphe Zahnmorphologie der jeweiligen Gattung belegen.Parailurus ist mit insgesamt 18 Fundstücken das häufigste Raubtier und macht Wölfersheim zur zweitwichtigsten Fundstelle fossiler Ailuriden überhaupt. Die mit diesen Stükken gewonnenen Informationen über die innerartliche Variabilität der Zahnmorphologie erlaubt die Synonymisierung vonP. hungaricus mit der TypusartP. anglicus. Desweiteren wird der eigenständige Character der GattungParailurus bestätigt. Für ein fragliches Stück wird eine Interpretation als dP4/ vonP. anglicus gegenüber einer Deutung als aberranter Ml/ einer neuenParailurus- Art bevorzugt.

Obwohl die Wölfersheimer Carnivorenfauna wegen der gleichzeitigen Präsenz vonMustela undParailurus einmalig unter allen pliozänen Fundstellen ist, bestätigt sie, daß Eurasien, und mit kleinen Einschränkungen auch Nordamerika, zwischen MN 14 und MN 16 von einer recht einheitlichen Carnivorenfauna besiedelt wurde. Dabei bestehen regional durchaus kleine Unterschiede, so zwischen den zeitgleichen Faunen Südwest- und Zentraleuropas.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Abt. Messelforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Michael Morlo

  2. Department of Zoology,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Charles University, Vinièná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic

    Martin Kundrát

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  1. Michael Morlo
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Correspondence to Michael Morlo.

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Morlo, M., Kundrát, M. The first carnivoran fauna from the Ruscinium (Early Pliocene, MN 15) of Germany. Paläontol Z 75, 163–187 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02988011

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