Abstract
The present study was intended to establish an inventory of PCDD/F emissions in Tarragona Province (Catalonia, NE Spain), as a preliminary phase in the development of a flow analysis of PCDD/Fs in this Province. In 1999, global PCDD/F emissions reached a value of 2.24 g I-TEQ/y, which means a density of 3.8 μg I-TEQ/inhabitant/y. The low amount of PCDD/Fs emitted to air by the only municipal solid waste incinerator in the Province (approximately 0.04% of the total) has been one of the most notable results. As a reflection of uncertainties in the estimates for individual sources, the 90th percentiles of PCDD/F releases for 1999 ranged up to 4.1 g I-TEQ/y.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ADEME (1999): Homepage of the Ministry for Regional and National Development and the Environment, France.http://www.environement. gouv.fr/actua/cominfos/dosdir/DIRPRR/dioxine
Alcock R, Gemmill R, Jones KC (1998): An updated UK PCDD/F atmospheric emission inventory based on a recent emission measurement programme. Organohalogen Compounds 36:105–108
Bauer G, Deistler M, Gleiss A, Glenck E, Maytus, T (1997): Identification of material flow systems. Commentary Articles. ESPR — Environ Sci Pollut Res 4:105–112
Brzuzy IP, Hites RA (1996): Global mass balance for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Environ Sci Technol 30:1791–1804
Carroll Jr. WF, Berger TC, Borrelli FE, Jacobs RA, Ledvina J, Lewis JW, McCreedy RL, Smith TP, Tuhovak DR, Weston AF (1999): Characterization of emissions of dioxins and furans from ethylene dichloride (EDC), vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) facilities in the United States. IV. Consolidated report. Organohalogen Compounds 41:31–34
Cleverly D, Schaum J, Winters D, Schweer G, O’Rourke K (1998): The inventory of sources of dioxins in the United States. Organohalogen Compounds 36:1–6
Cleverly D, Schaum J, Winters D, Schweer G (1999): Inventory of sources of dioxin-like compounds in the United States. Organohalogen Compounds 41:467–471
De Fré R, Wevers M (1995): Opgemaakt in Opdracht van de Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij (ordernummer: 941055). Stofdossier DioxinesEindrapport MIE-DI-9459
Domingo JL, Schuhmacher M, Granero S, Llobet JM (1999): PCDDs and PCDFs in food samples from Catalonia, Spain. An assessment of dietary intake. Chemosphere 38:3517–3528
Eduljee G, Dyke P (1996): An updated inventory of potential PCDD and PCDF emission sources in the UK. Sci Total Environ 177:303–321
Environment Canada and the Federal/Provincial Task Force (1999): Dioxins, Furans and Hexachlorobenzene. Inventory of Releases
EPG-Environment Protection Group (1998): Sources of dioxins and furans in Australia: Air Emissions. Environment Australia
Fabrellas B, Sanz P, Abad E, Rivera J (1999) The Spanish dioxin inventory: proposal and preliminary results from municipal waste incinerator emissions. Organohalogen Compounds 41:491–494
Fiedler H (1995): EPA dioxin-reassessment: implications for Germany. Organohalogen Compounds 22:209–228
Fiedler H (1996): Sources of PCDD/F and impact on the environment. Chemosphere 32:55–64
Fiedler H (1999): Dioxin and Furan Inventories-National and Regional Emissions of PCDD/F. Report by UNEP Chemicals, Geneva, Switzerland
Fiedler H, Hutzinger O, Timms C (1990): Dioxins: sources of environmental load and human exposure. Toxicol Environ Chem 29:157–234
Gleiss A, Maytus T, Bauer G, Deistler M, Glenck E, Lampert C (1998): Identification of material flow systems. Extensions and case study. ESPR — Environ Sci Pollut Res 5:245–258
Johnke B (1998): Situation and aspects of waste incineration in Germany: UTA Technol Environ, GIT Verlag, Darmstadt, 2:98–103
LUA (1997): Identification of relevant industrial sources of dioxins and furans in Europe. Materialien 43. Landesumweltamt Nordrhein-Westfalen, Essen
MITI - Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japan (1998): The second interim report, November 1998
Quass U, Fermann MW, Bröker G (1998): Steps towards a European emission inventory. Organohalogen Compounds 36:7–10
Schuhmacher M, Granero S, Llobet JM, De Kok HAM, Domingo JL (1997a): Assessment of baseline levels of PCDD/F in soils in the neighbourhood of a new hazardous waste incinerator in Catalonia, Spain. Chemosphere 35:1947–1958
Schuhmacher M, Xifró A, Llobet JM, De Kok HAM, Domingo JL (1997b): PCDD/Fs in soil samples collected in the vicinity of a municipal solid waste incinerator: Human health risks. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 33:239–246
Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL, Llobet JM, Müller L, Sünderhauf WW, Jager J (1998): Baseline levels of PCDD/F in vegetation samples collected in the vicinity of a new hazardous waste incinerator in Catalonia, Spain. Chemosphere 36:2581–2591
Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL, Llobet JM, Kiviranta H, Vartiainen T (1999a): PCDD/F concentrations in milk of nonoccupationally exposed women living in southern Catalonia, Spain. Chemosphere 38:995–1004
Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL, Llobet JM, Lindström G, Wingfors H (1999b): Dioxin and dibenzofuran concentrations in blood of a general population from Tarragona, Spain. Chemosphere 38:1123–1133
Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL, Llobet JM, Lindström G, Wingfors H (1999c): Dioxin and dibenzofuran concentrations in adipose tissue of a general population from Tarragona, Spain. Chemosphere 38:2475–2487
US EPA (1998): The Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment (1998): The Inventory of Sources of Dioxin in the United States, Washington DC. External Review Draft. EPA/ 900/P-98/002Aa
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fuster, G., Schuhmacher, M. & Domingo, J.L. Flow analysis of PCDD/Fs for Tarragona Province, Spain. Environ Sci & Pollut Res 8, 91–94 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02987300
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02987300