Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A study on the potential sources of air pollutants observed at Tjörn, Sweden

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) receptor model combines both chemical and meteorological information. In this study, PSCF was employed to identify the potential source emission regions for aerosol compositions measured at Tjörn, Sweden (58.01 ∘N, 11.36 ∘E). PSCF was for the first time applied on a European scale. One hundred and fifty-two four-day air parcel backward trajectories were combined with concentrations of sixteen elements determined in 33 coarse and fine aerosol samples. The observations were made between February 17 and March 26, 1985. The modeling results of the heavy metals V, Pb, Zn, and As are presented and compared with available emission inventory data. A number of known industrialized regions in the former USSR and Europe are found of high potential to be the emission source areas. These areas are in good agreement with the known emission information. The PSCF maps of total sulfur, Non-Seasalt-Sulfur (N.S.S.) and chlorine are also presented. High potential regions in the Arctic area exist in the PSCF map for total sulfur wheres they do not occur in that for N.S.S.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ashbaugh, L. L., Malm, W. C. andSadeh, W. Z. 1985. A residence time probability analysis of sulfur concentrations at Grand Canyon National Park,Atmos. Environ,19, 1263–1270.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashbaugh, L. L. 1983. A statistical trajectory technique for determining air pollution source regions,J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc,33, 1096–1098.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashbaugh, L. L. 1982. Large scale transport of fine sulfur particles in the Intermontane United States, Ph. D. dissertation, University of California, Davis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aunela, L., Larjava, K., Mehtonen, A., Kinnunen, V., Häsänen, E., Salmikangas, T., Leskelä, J., Loosaar, J. 1993. Emission measurements in oil shale power plants in Estonia, Tech. Research Centre of Finland, Lab. Heating and ventilation, Espoo, Finland.

  • Bolin, B. 1971. Sulfur pollution across national boundaries. Sweden’s case study for the United Nations Conference on the human environment, 1971. Ambio,1, 15–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boutron, C. F. andPatterson, C. C. 1987. Relative levels of natural and anthropogenic Pb in recent antarctic snow, J. Geophys. Res.,92, 8454–8464.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, M. D., Hopke, P. K., Barrie, L., Rippe, A., Olson, M. and Landsberger, S. 1993 b. qualitative determination of source regions of aerosol in Canadian high Arctic, Environmental Sciences and Technology, in Press.

  • Cheng, M. D., Hopke, P. K. andZeng, Y.S. 1993. A receptororiented methodology for determining source regions of particulate sulfate observed at Dorset, Ontario, J. Geophys. Res.,98, No. D9, 16, 839–16,849.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erickson, D. J., Ghan, S. J. andPenner, J. E. 1990, J. Geophys. Res.,95 (D6), 7543–7552.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, E. 1960. The yearly circulation of chloride and sulfur in nature; meteorological, geochemical and pedological implications-II. Tellus,12, 63–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate Department, Helsinki, Finland, 1985; Personal communication by R. Mattsson, Air Quality Department.

  • Gao, N., Cheng, M. D., andHopke, P. K. 1994. Receptor modeling of airborne ionic species collected in SCAQS, Atmospheric Environ.28, 1447–1470.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, R. R., Zoller, W. H., andGordon, G. E., 1978 a Composition and size distribution of particles released in refuse incineration, Environ. Sci. Technol.12, 566–573.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, R. R., Gordon, G. E. Zoller, W. H., Jacko, R. B., Neuendorf, D. W. andYost, K. J., 1978 b Composition of particles emitted from the Nicosia Municipal Incinerator, Environ. Sci. Technol.12, 1329–1332.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hopke, P. K., Gao, N. andCheng, M. D. 1993. Combining chemical and meteorological data to infer source areas of airborne pollutants, Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems,19, 187–199.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacklevic, J. M., Gatti, R. C., Goulding, F. S., Loo, B. W. and Thompson, A. C. 1980. Aerosol analysis for the regional air pollution study, EPA-report 600/4-78-034.

  • John, W. andReischl, G. 1978. Measurements of the filtration efficiencies of selected filter types, Atmos. Environ.,12, 2015–2019.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kahl, J. D., Harris, J., Herbert, G. A. andOlson, M. P. 1989. Intercomparison of three long-range trajectory models applied to Arctic haze, Tellus41 B, 524–536.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeler, G. J. 1987. A hybrid approach for source apportionment of atmospheric pollutants in the northeastern United States, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keyes, W. F., Sondermayer, R. V. and Huvos, J. B. 1977. Mineral industries of western Europe, United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines.

  • Laurila, T., Tuovinen, J.-P., Lättilä, H. 1991. Lapin ilmansaasteet (In Finnish), Ihnatieteen laitos (The Finnish Meteorological Institute), Helsinki 1991, Finland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, S. M., Barrie, L. A. 1993. Biogenic sulfur aerosol in the Arctic troposphere I. Contribution to total sulfate, J. Geophys. Res., 98, No.D11, 20613–20622.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, B.Y.H., Piu, D.Y.H. and Rubow, K. L. 1981. Proceedings from internatinal symposium on aerosols in the mining and industrial work environment, pp. 10–11, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

  • Loo, B. W., Jaklevic, J. M., andGoulding, F. S. 1975. Dichotomous virtual impactor for large scale monitoring of airborne paniculate matter. In Fine Particles (ed. byB.Y.H. Liu), pp. 311–350, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malm, W. C., Johnson, C. E., andBresch, J. F. 1986. Application of principal component analysis for purpose of identifying sourcereceptor relationships, in Receptor Methods for Source Apportionment,Pace, T.G., Ed.; Publication TR-5, Air Pollution Control Association, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 127–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, B. 1966. In Principles of Geochemistry, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons.

  • Nriagu, J. O. andPacyna, J. M. 1988. Quantitative assessment of world-wide contamination of air, water and soils with trace metals, Nature,333, 134–139.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Öblad, M., Standzenieks, P., Selin, E. andDubois, J. 1982. Application of an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to air pollution studies, Physica Scripta,26, 257–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Öblad, M. andSelin, E. 1986. Measurements of elemental composition in background aerosol on the west coast of Sweden, Atmos. Environ.,20, 1419–1432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • OECD. 1977. Long range transport of air pollutants.

  • Olson, M. P., Oikawa, K. K. andMacafee, A. W. 1978. A trajectory model applied to the longrange transport of air pollutants, Report of Atmospheric Environment Service, Downsview, Ontario.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poirot, R. L. andWishinki, P. R. 1986. Visibility, sulfate, and air mass history associated with the summertime areosol in northern Vermont, Atmos. Environ.,20, 1457–1469.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raunemaa, T., Hautojärvi, A., Kaisla, Kl., Gerlander, M. 1981. Nucl. Instrum. Meth.,181, 445–447.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raunemaa, T., Hautojärvi, A., Hyvönen, V., Hillamo, R., Lindfors, V., Karhula, K., Kauppinen, E. 1983. Lead and fine particles in the environment of children, VIth Congress on Air Quality, 16–20 May 1983, Paris, Vol.4, 169–176.

  • Raunemaa, T., Hyvönen, V., Kauppinen, E. 1984. J. Aerosol Sci.15, 335–341.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rohde, H., Persson, C. andAkesson, O. 1972. An investigation into regional transport of soot and sulfur aerosols, Atmos. Environ.,6, 675–693.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rühling, Å., Rasmussen, L., Pilegaard, K., Mäkinen, A. andSteinnes, E. 1987. Survey of atmospheric heavy metal deposition. Report prepared for the steering Body for Environmental Monitoring, The Nordic Council of Ministers, NORD 1987,21, 1–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rühling, Å., Brumelis, G., Goltsova, N., Kvietkus, K., Kubin, E., Liiv, S., Magnusson, S., Mäkinen, A., Pilegaard, K., Rasmussen, L., Sander, E., Steinnes, E. 1992. Atmospheric Heavy Metal Deposition in Northern Europa 1990, Nord 1992:12. Nirdic Council of Ministers, Århus, Denmark.

  • Selin, E., Johansson, L. H., Djupstrø-Fridell, M., Hillamo, R., Mäkinen, M., Pakkanen, T., andPacyna, J. M. 1992. Removal of atmospheric aerosols in the subarctic region, Journal of Aerosol Science,23, 965–968.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sturges, W. T. andBarrie, L. A. 1989. Stable lead isotope ratios in Arctic aerosols: evidence for the origin of Arctic air pollution. Atmos. Environ.,23, 2513–2519.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Summers, P. W. 1987. Empirical source-receptor relationships in eastern Canada determined from monitoring data and airmass trajectory climatologies, presented to the EMEP workshop on Data Analysis and Presentation, Cologne, Germany, June 15–17, 1987.

  • WHO (Regional Office for Europe), 1989. Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, Copenhagen.

  • Zeng, Y. andHopke, P. K. 1989. A study of the sources of acid precipitation in Ontario, Canada, Atmos. Environ.,23, 1499–1509.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Clarkson University, 13699-5810, Potsdam, N.Y., USA

    Aixing Fan, Philip K. Hopke & Taisto M. Raunemaa

  2. Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden

    Mats Öblad

  3. Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 130, N-2001, Lillestrøm, Norway

    Jozef M. Pacyna

Authors
  1. Aixing Fan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Philip K. Hopke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Taisto M. Raunemaa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mats Öblad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jozef M. Pacyna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

On leave from the University of Kuopio, Department of Environmental Sciences, Finland

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Fan, A., Hopke, P.K., Raunemaa, T.M. et al. A study on the potential sources of air pollutants observed at Tjörn, Sweden. Environ. Sci. & Pollut. Res. 2, 107–115 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02986733

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02986733

Keywords

Search

Navigation