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Bleached kraft pulp mill discharged organic matter in recipient lake sediment

Environmental and molecular properties

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Abstract

Environmental properties of organic matter contained halogen and sulfur were studied in sediments of bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME) recipient lakes and 2 m3 outdoor enclosures (mesocosms). The BKME contributed to 1% (v/v) of the total water flow in the lake downstream of the pulp mill where the sediments contained 1.7 to 4 mg of tetrahydrofuran extractable organic halogen (EOX-Cl) and 0.6 to 0.8 mg of tetrahydrofuran extractable organic sulfur (EOS-S) g−1 of organic matter. Upstream sediment contained 0.03 mg of EOXCl and 0.7 mg of EOS-S g−1 of organic matter. EOX was a better indicator for the influence of BKME in the recipient sediment than EOS. The polarity of BKME contained EOX corresponded to log Kow of < 1, and that of the downstream sediment contained EOX to > 4.5. HP-SEC analysis of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the EOX showed a peak between 300 to 600 g mol−1 for the BKME and between 1000 to 2000 g mol−1 for the downstream sediment. The MWD of the BKME contained EOS peaked at 300 to 1000 g mol−1, and that of the downstream sediment contained EOS at 1000 to 5000 g mol−1. These results indicate that BKME contained organic halogen and sulfur undergo major structural transformations when incorporated into sediment. The biota-to-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) of EOX from sediments formed downstream of the mill and in the mesocosms to the lipids ofLumbriculus variegatus was 0.4 to 0.7. This is of a similar order of magnitude to the BSAF reported for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran.

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Abbreviations

ADMt:

Air-Dry Metric Ton

AOX:

Adsorbable Organic Halogen

AU:

Absorbance Unit

BKME:

Bleached Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent (wastewater)

BSAF:

Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factor (ratio of lipid normalized worm concentration at the end of the exposure to carbon normalized sediment concentration prior to the exposure)

d.w:

Dry Weight

EOX:

Extractable Organic Halogen

HPLC:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography

HPSEC:

High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography

K:

Octanol-water partition coefficient

OM:

Organic Matter

THF:

Tetrahydrofuran

TCDD:

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

TCDF:

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 56, FIN-00014, Finland

    Eija K. Saski, Raimo Mikkola & Mirja S. Salkinoja-Salonen

  2. Dept. of Biology, University of Joensuu, P.O.Box 111, FIN-80101, Joensuu, Finland

    Jussi V. K. Kukkonen

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  1. Eija K. Saski
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  2. Raimo Mikkola
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  3. Jussi V. K. Kukkonen
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  4. Mirja S. Salkinoja-Salonen
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Correspondence to Eija K. Saski.

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Saski, E.K., Mikkola, R., Kukkonen, J.V.K. et al. Bleached kraft pulp mill discharged organic matter in recipient lake sediment. Environ. Sci. & Pollut. Res. 4, 194–202 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02986344

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