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Die Evolution der Coccolithophoriden-GattungGephyrocapsa nach Befunden im Atlantik

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Abstract

Biometrical investigations on coccoliths of the genusGephyrocapsa from the Neogene of the North-Atlantic were carried out using scanning-electron micrographs and yielded the following results: The different species ofGephyrocapsa are best distinguished from one another using the following morphological features coccolith-size, bridge-angle, roundness, and pore-width because these characteristics are not intercorrelated and can be easily measured. Tracing the development of these characteristics allows the reconstruction of the evolution ofGephyrocapsa in Pliocene and Quaternary periods and leads to a revision of this genus.

Earliest forms ofGephyrocapsa are found in theReticulofenestra pseudoumbilica Zone (NN 15) of the Early Pliocene. In the Late Pliocene three different evolutionary lines, i. e. groups of species, can be distinguished and subsequently followed until present time. At the base of the Pleistocene a fourth line branches off which evolves throughG. caribbeanica toG. oceanica and is significant for the nannoplankton zonation of the Quaternary.

Based on these biometrical investigations 11 species can be distinguished within the genusGephyrocapsa which only in part are identical with previous named species. Three new species had to be added.

Kurzfassung

Anhand raster-elektronenmikroskopischer Aufnahmen wurden biometrische Unter-suchungen an Coccolithen der GattungGephyrocapsa aus dem Neogen des N-Atlantiks durchgeführt und brachten folgende Ergebnisse: Zur Fassung und Abgrenzung vonGephyrocapsa-arten eignen sich vor allem die Merkmale Coccolithen-größe, BrÜckenwinkel, Rundung und Porenweite, die untereinander nicht korreliert sind und biometrisch leicht erfaßt werden können. Die Entwicklung dieser Merkmale erlaubt die Rekonstruktion derGephyrocapsa-Evolution im Pliozän und Quartär und eine systematische Revision dieser Gattung.

Erste Formen vonGephyrocapsa finden sich in derReticulofenestra pseudoumbilica-Zone (NN 15) des Unterpliozans. Seit dem Oberpliozän lassen sich innerhalb der Gattung drei getrennte Evolutionslinien (Artengruppen) unterscheiden, die bis in die Jetztzeit verfolgt werden kÖnnen. An der Pleistozän-Basis spaltet sich eine vierte Artengruppe ab, die sich überG. caribbeanica zuG. oceanica entwickelt und für die Nannoplankton-Zonierung des Quartärs von Bedeutung ist.

Aufgrund der biometrischen Untersuchungen können innerhalb der Gattung 11 Arten unterschieden werden, die mit den bisher aufgestellten, überwiegend typologisch gefaßten Arten nur zum Teil identisch sind. Drei Arten mußten neu aufgestellt werden.

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  1. Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut der Universität, Olshausenstraße 40–60, 2300, Kiel

    Christian Samtleben

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Samtleben, C. Die Evolution der Coccolithophoriden-GattungGephyrocapsa nach Befunden im Atlantik. Paläont. Z. 54, 91–127 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02985885

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