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N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR) Induces Leukemia Cell Death via Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species

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Abstract

The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cytotoxicity of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR) was studied with use of the B-precursor lymphoblastic leukemia cell line YCUB-2. The increase in intracellular ROS measured with 2′-7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate after 3 hours’ incubation was 3.7-fold with 1 μM 4-HPR and 5.8-fold with 5 μM 4-HPR. The rate of apoptosis after 48 hours’ incubation was 9.8% and 56.4% in comparison with untreated cells. Hydroethidine, which is a more specific indicator of superoxide anion radical level, did not effectively detect 4-HPR-induced ROS. The antioxidant 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one suppressed 4-HPR-induced ROS production and apoptosis. The cytotoxicity of 4-HPR was analyzed in 4 other leukemia/lymphoma lines (CCRF-HSB2, Molt-4, KG-1, HL-60). We found that the cytotoxicity of 4-HPR correlated with the amount of ROS produced in cell lines, except in HL-60 cells. The intracellular glutathione level varied among the 5 cell lines, the highest levels occurring in Molt-4 and KG-1, which were less sensitive to 4-HPR. Suppression of glutathione by buthionine sulfoximine enhanced the level of 4-HPR-induced ROS production and apoptosis in Molt-4. Our findings suggest that ROS play a significant role in the antileukemia effect of 4-HPR and that the glutathione level in leukemias may be associated the sensitivity of the cells to 4-HPR.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0004, Yokohama, Japan

    Hiroaki Goto, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Hisaki Fujii, Koichiro Ikuta & Shumpei Yokota

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  1. Hiroaki Goto
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  2. Hiroyuki Takahashi
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  3. Hisaki Fujii
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  4. Koichiro Ikuta
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Goto, H., Takahashi, H., Fujii, H. et al. N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR) Induces Leukemia Cell Death via Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Hematol 78, 219–225 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02983798

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