Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pathogens and their products affecting weedy plants

  • Review
  • Published:
Phytoparasitica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

There are many natural enemies of weedy plants; among them are plant pathogens. Plant pathogens are capable of affecting plants, in part because of the phytotoxins they produce. Phytoloxins of weedy pathogens are produced in culture media by most of the phytopathogenic fungi of weeds that we have studied. In most cases the phytotoxin(s) usually belongs to a family of related compounds produced by the pathogen. Phytotoxin production in the medium can be optimized by placement of the host extract into the medium. Lethal activity is usually observed in the concentration range of 10-3-10-6M. The concept of using these molecules, or derivatives thereof, or related compounds as herbicides, should be explored.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Atkin, C.L. and Neilands, J.B. (1972) Leaf infections: Siderochromes (natural polyhydroxymates) mimic the “green island” effect.Science 176:300–301.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Berglund, D., Strobel, S., Sugawara, F. and Strobel, G. (1988) Flow cytometry as a method for assaying the biological activity of phytotoxins.Plant Sci. 56:183–188.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bohlman, F. and Otto, W. (1982) Synthese des isopetasols.Liebigs Ann. Chem. 186–190.

  4. Bunkers, G. (1989) Biology of the Eremophilanes Produced byDrechslera gigantea. Ph.D. thesis, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Canales, M.W. and Gray, G.R. (1988) 6-Epiophiobolin A and 3 anhydro-6-epiophiobolin A — Host specific phytotoxins ofDrechslera maydis (race T).Phytochemistry 27:1653–1663.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Couch, H.B. (1962) tDiseases of Turfgrasses. p. 10. Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cutler, H.G. (1986) Isolating, characterizing, and screening mycotoxins for herbicidal activity,in: Putnam, A.R. and Tang, C.S. [Eds.] The Science of Allelopathy, pp. 147–170. Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Dekhuijzen, H.M. (1976) Endogenous cytokinins in healthy and diseased plants,in: Heitefuss, R. and Williams, P.H. [Eds.] Physiological Plant Pathology, Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series. Vol. 4, pp. 538–540. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Dhar, T.K., Siddiqui, K. and AH, E. (1982) Structure of phaseolinone, a novel phytotoxin fromMacrophomina phaseolina.Tetrahedron Lett. 23:5459–5462.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Dinoor, A. and Eshed, N. (1984) The role and importance of pathogens in natural plant communities.Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 22:443–466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Duke, S.O. (1986) Naturally occurring chemical compounds as herbicides.Rev. Weed Sci. 2:15–44.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Duke, S.O. (1986) Microbially produced phytotoxins as herbicides — a perspective,in: Putnam, A.R. and Tang, C.S. [Eds.] The Science of Allelopathy, pp. 287–304. Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Graniti, A., Durbin, R.D. and Ballio, A. [Eds.] (1988) Phytotoxins and Plant Pathogenesis. NATO ASI Series, Plenum, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hallock, Y. (1988) Isolation and Characterization of Novel Phytotoxins from Pathogenic Fungi. Ph.D. thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hallock, Y., Clardy, J., Kenfield, D. and Strobel, G. (1988) De-O-methyldiaporthin, a new phytotoxin fromDrechslera siccans.Phytochemistry 27:3123–3125.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kenfield, D.S., Bunkers, G., Wu, Y., Strobel, G.A., Sugawara, F., Hallock, Y. and Clardy, J. (1989) Gigantenone — a novel phytohormone mimic.Experientia 45:900–902.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kenfield, D.S., Hallock, Y., Clardy, J. and Strobel, G. (1988) Curvulin and Omethylcurvulinic acid: Phytotoxic metabolites ofDrechslera indica which cause necroses on purslane and spiny amaranth.Plant Sci. 60:123–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Kenfield, D.S., Strobel, S., Sugawara, F., Berglund, D. and Strobel, G.A. (1988) Triticone A, a novel bioactive lactam with potential as a molecular probe.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Communs. 157:174–182.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Lam, A. (1984)Drechslera siccans from ryegrass fields in England and Wales.Trans. Br. My col. Soc. 83:305–311.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Murray, R.D.H., Mendez, J. and Brown, S.A. [Eds.] (1982) The Natural Coumarins. Occurrence, Chemistry, and Biochemistry. Wiley, Chichester, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Oyama, H., Sassa, T. and Ikeda, M. (1978) Structures of new plant growth inhibitors,trans- andcis-resorcylides.Agric. Biol. Chem. 42:2408–2409.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Pinder, A.R. (1977) The chemistry of the eremophilane and related sesquiterpenes.Fortschr. Chem. Org. Naturst. 34:81–186.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Riche, C., Pascard-Billy, C., Devys, M., Gaudemer, A. and Barbier, M. (1974) Structure crystalline et moleculaire de la phomenone, phytoxine produite par le champignonPhoma exigua var.non-oxydabilis. Tetrahedron Lett. 32:2765–2766.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Robeson, D.J. and Strobel, G. (1984) Zinniol induces chlorophyll retention in barley leaves: the selective action of a non-host-specific phytotoxin.Phytochemistry 23:1597–1599.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Stierle, A., Cardellina, J. and Strobel, G. (1989) Maculosin, a host-specific phytotoxin for spotted knapweed fromAlternaria alternata.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:8008–8011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Stierle, A., Cardellina, J. and Strobel, G.A. (1989) Phytotoxins fromAlternaria alternata, a pathogen of spotted knapweed.J. Nat. Prod. (Lloydia) 52:42–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Strobel, G. (1982) Phytotoxins.Anna. Rev. Biochem. 51:309–333.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Strobel, G., Kenfield, D. and Sugawara, F. (1988) The incredible fungal genus —Drechslera — and its phytotoxic ophiobolins.Phytoparasitica 16:145–152.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Strobel, G.A., Sugawara, F. and Clardy, I. (1987) Phytotoxins from plant pathogens of weedy plants,in: Waller, G.R. [Ed.] Allelochemicals: Role in Agriculture and Forestry, pp. 516–523. ACS Symposium Series # 330, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Sugawara, F., Samsoedin, R., Takahashi, N., Liu, H., Fu, Y., Clardy, J., Strobel, S., Berglund, D.L. and Strobel, G.A. (1988) Triticones, novel spirocyclic lactam compounds isolated from the plant pathogenic fungus,Drechslera tritici-repentis.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110:4086.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Sugawara, F. and Strobel, G.A. (1986) (-)Dihydropyrenophorin, a novel and selective phytotoxin produced byDrechslera avenae.Plant Sci. 43:1–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Sugawara, F. and Strobel, G.A. (1987) Tryptophol, a phytotoxin produced byDrechslera nodulosum.Phytochemistry 26:1349–1351.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Sugawara, F., Strobel, G., Fisher, L.E., Van Duyne, G.D. and Clardy, J. (1985) Bipolaroxin, a selective phytotoxin produced byBipolaris cynodontis.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:8291–8294.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Sugawara, F., Strobel, G., Strange, R., Siedow, J., Van Dyne, G.D. and Clardy, J. (1987) Phytotoxins from the pathogenic fungiDrechslera maydis andDrechslera sorghicola.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:3081–3085.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Sugawara, F., Takahashi, N., Strobel, G., Yun, C.H., Gray, G., Fu, Y. and Clardy, J. (1988) Some new phytotoxic ophiobolins produced byDrechslera oryzae.J. Org. Chem. 53:2170–2172.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Sugawara, K., Sugawara, F., Strobel, G.A., Fu, Y., He, C. and Clardy, J. (1985) Exserohilone: A novel phytotoxin produced byExserohilum holmii.J. Org. Chem. 50:5631–5633.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Tanaka, S., Wada, K., Marumo, S. and Hattori, H. (1984) Structure of sporogen AO-1, a sporogenic substance.Tetrahedron Lett. 25:5907–5910.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Tietjen, K.G., Hunkler, D. and Matem, U. (1983) Differential response of cultured parsley cells to elicitors from two nonpathogenic strains of fungi. I. Identification of induced products as coumarin derivatives.Eur. J. Biochem. 131:409–413.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Wei, R., Schnoes, H.K., Hart, P.A. and Strong, F.M. (1975) The structure of PR-toxin, a mycotoxin fromPenicillium roqueforti.Tetrahedron 31:109–114.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Plant Pathology, Montana State University, 59717, Bozeman, MT, USA

    Gary Strobel

  2. Inst. of Physical and Chemical Research, Laboratory of Herbicide and Plant Growth, Riken, 351, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan

    Fumio Sugawara

  3. Dept. of Plant Pathology, ARO, The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel

    Joseph Hershenhorn

Authors
  1. Gary Strobel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fumio Sugawara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Joseph Hershenhorn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Strobel, G., Sugawara, F. & Hershenhorn, J. Pathogens and their products affecting weedy plants. Phytoparasitica 20, 307–323 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980853

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980853

Key Words

Search

Navigation