Skip to main content
Log in

Solid-phase extraction of l-muscone from aqueous samples with amberlite XAD-4 for gas chromatographic assay

  • Reasearch Articles
  • Articles
  • Published:
Archives of Pharmacal Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An efficient analytical method was devised for the accurate L-muscone assay in aqueous samples. It involves solid-phase extraction of L-muscone in adsorption mode using XAD-4 as the sorbent and dichloromethane modified with 10% (v/v) methanol as the eluting solvent. The gas chromatographic analysis of the eluate residue dissolved in toluene on a DB-5MS capillary column provided complete resolution of L-muscone from the [[co]]-extracted interferences. The overall method showed excellent linearity ([[r]]2 ≥ 0.9994) in the range of 0.1 to 2.0 μg/mL with good intra- and inter-day precisions (% RSD = 2.5~7.3) and with high extraction recovery rates (≥ 98.1%). When the present method was applied to a L-muscone herbal drink product, the within-batch RE (%) in the labeled concentration (1.5 μg/mL) for the three randomly chosen bottles were -2.4, -1.3 and -3.3 with high precision (% RSD ≤ 3.1). The present method is considered to be suitable for quality control evaluation on liquid drinks and other complex formulations fortified with L-muscone.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Enoch, P., Putzler, A., Rinne, D., and Schlüter, J., Automated solid-phase extraction on-line coupled to gas chromatography.J. Chromatogr. A, 822, 75–82 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Filho, I. D. N., Schossler, P., Freitas, L. S., Melecchi, M. I. S., Vale, M. G. R., and Caramão, E. B., Selective extraction of benzoic acid from landfill leachate by solid-phase extraction and ion-exchange chromatography.J. Chromatogr. A, 1027, 167–170 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hong, X. and Wang, Z., A preliminary research on the quality of musk.Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi., Apr; 16 (4), 230–232 (1991).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacob, S., Garcia, S. Hayreh, D., and McClintock, M. K., Psychological effects of musky compounds: comparison of androstadienone with androstenol and muscone.Horm. Behav., 42, 274–283 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jung, M. W., Ahn, K. H., Lee, Y., Kim, K. P., Paeng, I. R., Rhee, J. S., Park, J. T., and Paeng, K. J., Evaluation on the adsorption capabilities of new chemically modified polymeric adsorbents with protoporphyrin IX.J. Chromatogr. A, 917, 87–93 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamat, V. P., Hagiwara, H., Katsumi, T., Hoshi, T., Suzuki, T., and Ando, M., Ring closing metathesis directed synthesis of (R)-(-)-muscone from (+)-citronellal.Tetrahedron, 56, 4397–4403 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, K. R., Shin, Y. J., Shim, W. H., and Myung, S. W., Rapid gas chromatographic profiling and screening of acidic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in biological samples.Arch. Pharm. Res., 17 (3), 175–181 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, K. R., Paik, M. J., Kim, J. H., Dong, S. W., and Jeong, D. H., Rapid gas chromatographic profiling and screening of biologically active amines.J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 15, 1309–1318 (1997).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, K. R., Park, H. G., Paik, M. J., Ryu, H. S., Oh, K. S., Myung, S. W., and Liebich, H. M., Gas chromatographic profiling and pattern recognition analysis of urinary organic acids from uterine myoma patients and cervical cancer patients.J. Chromatogr. B, 712, 11–22 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S. M., Cho, T. S., Shim, S. H., Park, S. K., Hong, C. Y., Kim, S. S., Shin, D. H., Kim, Y. K., and Park, D. K., General pharmacology of L-Muscone.J. Appl. Pharmacol., 5, 292–298 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lepane, V., Comparison of XAD-4 resins for the isolation of humic substances from seawater.J. Chromatogr. A, 845, 329–335 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vera-Avila, L E., Gallegos-Perez, J. L., and Camacho-Frias, E., Frontal analysis of aqueous of phenol solutions in amberlite XAD-4 columns, Implication on the operation and design of solid-phase extraction system.Talanta, 50, 509–526 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vilar, R. B. C., Silva, V. R. da., Schossler, P., Veses, R. C., Piatnicki, C. M. S., Samios, D., and Caramão, E. B., Preliminary characterization of anhydrous ethanol used Brazil as automotive fuel.J. Chromatogr. A, 985, 367–373 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Y., Wu, P., Xiao, X., and Yu, D. Q., Method of analysis for musk, artificially bred musk and original musk by HPLC.Yao Xue Xue Bao, 24 (4), 308–311 (1989).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Z. H., and Yue, P. F., Quantitative analysis of muscone in musk by GC.Yao Xue Xue Bao, May; 16 (5), 371–378 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zou, Q. G. and Su, J. J., Quantitative analysis of muscone in shexiang baoxin pills by gas chromatography.Zhongguo Yao Za Zhi, Jul; 19 (7), 418–419 (1994).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kyoung-Rae Kim.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Paik, MJ., Kim, KR. Solid-phase extraction of l-muscone from aqueous samples with amberlite XAD-4 for gas chromatographic assay. Arch Pharm Res 27, 539–543 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980128

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980128

Key words

Navigation