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Life cycle assessment for the implementation of emission control measures for the freight traffic with heavy duty vehicles in Germany

Phase 1: Life Cycle Inventory Analysis

  • LCA Case Studies
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Abstract

The Life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) for the freight traffic with heavy duty vehicles in Germany was determined for the reference year 1995 and the target year 2010 by application of ISO 14040 and ISO 14041. Based on these results and under consideration of the dynamic development of road freight traffic with German heavy duty vehicles of >14 t max laden weight and composition of the German heavy duty vehicles fleet in this class the LCI for the introduction of various scenarios for reducing emissions from freight traffic was generated. Special emphasis was placed in the determination of the LCI for the implementation of primary, secondary and a combination of primary and secondary emission reduction measures for heavy duty diesel engines such as variation of diesel fuel characteristics, engine-based measures for exhaust gas optimisation, urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) process with and without fuel consumption optimised diesel engines and particulate trap for exhaust gas optimised diesel engines with low sulphur diesel fuel. The overall environmental effects of the investigated measures on the other phases of the product life cycle of the freight traffic with heavy duty vehicles and on associated and new products to be introduced was included in the generated results for the LCI of each variant. For the implementation of the urea SCR process the results are based on manufacturer data for the overall production process of SCR honeycomb catalysts and SCR application measurements in engine and field test after a travelled distance of between 187,825 and 325,178 km under road traffic conditions with typical EURO 2 standard diesel engines for heavy duty vehicles with a max laden weight of >32 t under control of and data certification by TÜV Automotive Bayern Sachsen GmbH.

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Abbreviations

FL:

Traveled distance

A(tp):

Traveled distance factors relative to vehicle type

A(ln):

Road incline factors weighted by traveled distance

A(ag):

Utilization factors

A(vz):

Traffic factors

A(ek):

Factor of vehicles in an emissions class

tp:

Vehicle type index

s:

Road type index

g:

Vehicle group index

In:

Road incline index

ag:

Index for degree of utilization

ek:

Emissions class index

e:

Specific basis factor for pollutant emissions or fuel consumption

Δe:

Reduction of specific basis factor

E:

Absolute emissions or fuel consumption

ΔE:

Absolute reduction in emissions or fuel consumption

M:

Index for measure with M = k (fuel-side) and/or m (engine-side) and/or SCR (selective catalytic reduction)

O:

Index for starting year (1995)

j:

Index for reference year with j = 1 (2000), 2 (2005) and 3 (2010)

s:

NH3 slip

S:

Sulfur

SCR:

Selective catalytic reduction

EEV:

Enhanced environmentally friendly vehicle

η:

NO2 reduction

α:

Stoichiometric ratio

CED:

Cumulated energy demand

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Author notes

  1. Luis Bárzaga-Castellanos

    Present address: International Graduate School Zittau, Environmental High Technology, Markt 23, D-02763, Zittau, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Graduate School Zittau, Environmental High Technology, Markt 23, D-02763, Zittau, Germany

    Bernd Markert

  2. Redwitz Ceramics and Porcelain Business Unit Catalyst Division, Siemens AG, Power Generation, Bahnhofstr. 43, D-96257, Germany

    Ronald Neufert

Authors
  1. Luis Bárzaga-Castellanos
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  2. Ronald Neufert
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  3. Bernd Markert
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ronald Neufert or Bernd Markert.

Additional information

Phase 2: Life Cycle Impact Assessment (DOI: http://dx.doi.Org/10.1065/ Ica2000.12.044.2) Phase 3: Life Cycle Interpretation (DOI: http://dx.doi.orq/10.1065/ Ica2000.12.044.3)

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Bárzaga-Castellanos, L., Neufert, R. & Markert, B. Life cycle assessment for the implementation of emission control measures for the freight traffic with heavy duty vehicles in Germany. Int J LCA 6, 231–242 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02979379

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