Abstract
We recently reported that the ginseng saponin metabolite, compound K (20-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol, IH901), inhibits the growth of U937 cells through caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. In this study, we further characterized the effects of compound K on U937 cells and found that, in addition to apoptosis, compound K induced the arrest of the G1 phase. The compound K treated U937 cells showed increased p21 expression; an inhibitory protein of cyclin-cdk complex. The up-regulation of p21 was followed by the inactivation of cyclin D and the cdk4 protein, which act at the early G1 phase, and cyclin E, which acts at the late G1 phase. Furthermore, compound K induced the activation of JNK and the transcription factor AP-1, which is a downstream target of JNK. These findings suggest that the up-regulation of p21 and activation of JNK in the compound K treated cells contribute to the arrest of the G1 phase.
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Kang, K.A., Kim, Y.W., Kim, S.U. et al. G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle by a ginseng metabolite, compound K, in U937 human monocytic leukamia cells. Arch Pharm Res 28, 685–690 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02969359
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02969359