Abstract
Among the evolving entities and changing concepts in breast pathology are those relating to columnar cell hyperplasia, pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, mucocele-like lesions, pleomorphic lobular carcinomain situ, pseudo-Paget’s disease of nipple, microinvasive carcinoma of breast, spindle cell metaplastic carcinoma, and minimal metastatic disease in axillary lymph nodes. Pathologists, as well as physicians involved in the management of breast diseases, need to be aware of these recent developments in breast pathology since the recognition and understanding thereof may have considerable clinical relevance.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- CCH:
-
Columnar Cell Hyperplasia
- CD:
-
Cluster Designation
- DCIS:
-
Ductal Carcinomain situ
- ITC:
-
Isolated Tumor Cells
- LCIS:
-
Lobular Carcinomain situ
- MICB:
-
Microinvasive Carcinoma of Breast
- MSC:
-
Metaplastic Spindle Cell Carcinoma
- NCB:
-
Needle Core Biopsy
- PASH:
-
Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia
- P-LCIS:
-
Pleomorphic Lobular Carcinomain situ
- SMA:
-
Smooth Muscle Actin
References
Hoda SA, Rosen PP: Practical considerations in the diagnosis of needle core biopsy of breast.Am J Clin Pathol 118:101–108, 2002.
Resetkova E, Hoda SA: “Ossifying-type” microcalcifications in breast.Archiv Pathol Lab Med 126:995–996, 2002.
Fraser JL, Raza S, Chorny K: Columnar alteration with prominent apical snouts and secretions.Am J Surg Pathol 22:1521–1527, 1998.
Rosen PP: Columnar cell hyperplasia is associated with lobular carcinoma in situ and tubular carcinoma.Am J Surg Pathol 23:1561, 1999.
Goldstein NS, OMalley BA: Cancerization of small ectatic ducts of the breast by ductal carcinoma in situ cells with apocrine snouts. A lesion associated with tubular carcinoma.Am J Clin Pathol 107:561–566, 1997.
Powell CM, Cranor ML, Rosen PP: Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH). A mammary stromal tumor with myofibroblastic differentiation.Am J Surg Pathol 19:270–277, 1995.
Cohen MA, Morris EA, Rosen PP,et al: Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia: mammographic, Sonographic, and clinical patterns.Radiology 198:117–120, 1996.
Rosen PP: Mucocele-like tumor of the breast.Am J Surg Pathol 10:464–469, 1986.
Renshaw AA: Can mucinous lesions of the breast be reliably diagnosed by core needle biopsy?Am J Clin Pathol 118:82–84, 2002.
Glazebrooks K, Reynolds C: Mucocele-like tumors of the breast: mammographic and Sonographic appearances.AJR 180:949–954, 2003.
Hamele-Bena D, Cranor ML, Rosen PP: Mammary mucocele-like lesions. Benign and malignant.Am J Surg Pathol 20:1081–1085, 1996.
Sneige N, Wang J, Baker BA, Krishnamurthy S, Middleton LP: Clinical, histopathologic, biologic features of pleomorphic lobular (ductal-lobular) carcinoma in situ of the breast.Mod Pathol 15:1044–1050, 2002.
Middleton LP, Palacios DM, Bryant BR, Krebs P, Otis CN, Merino MJ: Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ. Morphology, immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis.Am J Surg Pathol 24:1650–1656, 2001.
Wahed A, Connelly J, Reese T: E-cadherin expression in pleomorphic lobular carcinoma: an aid to differentiation from ductal carcinoma.Ann Diagn Pathol 6:349–351, 2002.
Jacobs TW, Pliss N, Kouria G, Schnitt SJ: Carcinomas in situ of the breast with indeterminate features: role of E-cadherin staining in categorization.Am J Surg Pathol 25:229–236, 2001.
Acs G, Lawton TJ, Rebbeck TR, LiVolsi VA, Zhang PJ: Differential expression of E-cadherin in lobular and ductal neoplasms of the breast and its biologic and diagnostic implications.Am J Clin Pathol 115:85–98, 2001.
Yao DX, Hoda SA, Chiu A, Ying L, Rosen PP: Intraepidermal cytokeratin-7 immunoreactive cells in the non-neoplastic nipple may represent intraepidermal extension of lactiferous duct cells.Histopathology 40:230–236, 2002.
Toker C: Clear cells of the nipple epidermis.Cancer 25:601–610, 1970.
Ludquist K, Kohler S, Rouse RV: Intraepidermal cytokeratin 7 expression is not restricted to Paget cells but is also seen in Toker cells and Merkel cells.Am J Surg Pathol 23:212–219, 1999.
Zeng Z, Melamed J, Symmans PJ: Benign proliferative nipple duct lesions frequently contain CAM 5.2 and anti-cytokeratin 7 immunoreactive cells in the overlying epidermis.Am J Surg Pathol 23:1349–1355, 1999.
Hermanek P, Hutter RVP, Sobin LH: TNM Atlas: Illustrated Guide to the TNM/pTNM Classification of Malignant Tumors. 4th ed, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp201–212, 1997.
Schnitt SR: Microinvasive carcinoma of the breast: a diagnosis in search of a definition.Adv Anat Pathol 5:367–372, 1998.
Hoda SA, Prasad ML, Moore A, Hoda RS, Giri D: Microinvasive carcinoma of the breast: can it be diagnosed reliably and is clinically significant?Histopathology 35:468–470, 1999.
Prasad ML, Osborne MP, Giri DD, Hoda SA: Microinvasive (T1mic) carcinoma of the breast: clinicopathological profile of 21 cases.Am J Surg Pathol 24:422–428, 2000.
Prasad ML, Hyjek E, Giri DD, Ying L, O’Leary JJ, Hoda SA: Double immunolabelling with cytokeratin and smooth muscle actin in confirming early invasive carcinoma of breast.Am J Surg Pathol 23:176–181, 1999.
Sneige N, Yaziji H, Mandavilli SR: Low-grade (fibromatosis-like) spindle cell carcinoma of the breast.Am J Surg Pathol 25:1009–1016, 2001.
Adem C, Reynolds C, Adlakha H, Roche PC, Nascimento AG: Wide spectrum screening keratin as a marker of metaplastic spindle cell carcinoma of the breast: an immunohistochemical study of 24 patients.Histopathology 40:556–562, 2002.
Sobin LH, Wittekind C: TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors. John Wiley, New York, 2002.
Giuliano AE: Sentinel node biopsy: standard of care.Breast J9:Suppl 1:S3-S6, 2003.
Hoda SA, Chiu A, Resetkova E, Harigopal M, Osborne MP: Pathological examination of sentinel lymph nodes. Potential problems, and possible solutions.Microscopy, Research & Technique 59:85–91, 2002.
Resetkova E, Hoda SA, Clarke J, Rosen PP: Benign heterotopic epithelial inclusions in axillary lymph nodes-histological and immunohistochemical patterns.Archiv Pathol Lab Med 127:e25-e27, 2003.
Hoda SA, Resetkova E, Yusuf Y, Cahan A, Rosen PP: Megakaryocytes mimicking metastatic breast carcinoma.Arch Pathol Lab Med 126:618–620, 2002.
Chiu A, Hoda SA, Yao DX, Rosen PP: A potential source of false-positive sentinel nodes: immunostain misadventures.Arch Pathol Lab Med 125:1497–1499, 2001.
Michael L, Cibull MD for the College of American Pathologists’ Surgical Pathology Committee: Handling sentinel lymph node biopsy specimen.Archiv Pathol Lab Med 123:620–621, 1999.
Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology: AD ASP recommendations of processing and reporting lymph node specimens submitted for evaluation of metastatic disease.Am J Surg Pathol 25:961–963, 2001.
Yared MA, Middleton LP, Smith TL: Recommendations for sentinel lymph node processing in breast cancer.Am J Surg Pathol 26:138–141, 2002.