Abstract
A new method of sap flow rate determination in stems of adult trees is described in which mass flow (the transpiration flux in the present case) is estimated from a heat-transfer measurement. The device used includes a couple of thermometers in a differential connection and plate electrodes, through which a controlled heat input flows into a denned studied segment of the xylem. The present method was tested first with a laboratory simulating system, then with the stem of a living adult treePrunus avium L. The data are registered continually and automatically; continuous measurement of sap flow rate of long duration with a greater number of trees is thus made possible.
Abstract
Byla navržena nová metoda stanovenÍ vedenÍ vody v kmeni adultnÍch stromÜ, založená na principu mčřeni hmotného toku (transpiraeniho proudu) na základĚ prenosu tepla. ZařÍzčnÍ se skládá z dvojice diferenciálnč zapojených teplomčrů a deskových elektrod, kterými je přiváděn kontrolovaný tepelný výkon do zkoumané části aktivnÍho xylemu (definovaného segmentu), Navrženà metoda byla vyzkoušena na simulátoru v laboratornÍch podminkàch a na kmeni živého adultnÍho stromuPrunus avium L. Data jsou plnč automaticky a kontinuálnč registre-vána: to umožňuje kontinuámÍ sledovànÍ intensity transpiračnÍho proudu po dlouhá časová údobÍ simultánč u vĚtšÍho počtu stromů.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Closs, B. L.: The heat pulse method for measuring rate of sap flow in a plant stem. - New Zeal. J. Sci.1: 281–288, 1957.
Daum, C. R.: A method for determining water transport in trees. - Ecology 48: 425–431, 1967.
Doley, D., Grieve, B. J.: Measurements of sap-flow in a Euoalypt by thermoelectric methods. - Aust. Forest Res.2: 3, 1966.
Huber, B.: Beobachtung und Messung pflanzlicher Saftströme. - Ber. deut. bot. Ges. 50: 89–109, 1932.
Ittner, E.: Der Tagesgang der Geschwindigkeit des Transpirationsstromes in Stamen einer 75-jährigen Fichte. - Oecol. Plant.3: 177–183, 1968.
Kabmanov, V. G., Byabova, E. P.: [Apparatus for recording relative changes in water flow rate in a plant]. In Buss. - Sbornik Trud. agron. Fiz.16: 81–87, 1968.
Kitching, B.: Investigating moisture stress in trees by an electrical resistance method. - Forest. Sci.12: 193–197, 1966.
Kosmin, P. L., Filippov, P. L.: [The use of ultrahigh frequencies in determination of moisture in leaves and stems without contacts.] In Kuss. - Fiziol. Bast.15: 177–181, 1968.
Ladefoged, K.: Transpiration of forest trees in closed stands. - Physiol. Plant.16: 378, 1963.
Lange, O. L.: Modern methods for measuring photosynthesis and transpiration of plants in the field. - Schriftreihe forstl. Fak. Univ. Göttingen33: 91–102, 163/1965.
Leyton, L.: Continuous recording of sap flow rates in tree stems. - Proc. 14th IUFBO-Congres, Munich, Pt. I, Sect.11: 240–251, 1967.
Mabshall, D. C.: Measurement of sap flow in conifers by heat transport. - Plant Physiol.33:385–396,1958.
Owston, P. W., Smith, J. L.: Use of radio isotopes to trace water movement in coniferous trees.- Amer. J. Bot.55: 728–729, 1968.
Penka, M.: VýbĚr metod ke stanovenÍ transpirace semenáčků dřevin [Selection of methods to determine the transpiration flow in trees seedlings]. - Sbornik VŠZ (Acta Univ. Agr. Brno) Řada C: Spisy Fak. lesn.4: 257–280, 1965.
Beynolds, E. B. C.: The internal water balance of trees. - Forestry (Suppl):32, 1966.
Butter, A. J.: Water consumption by forests. - In:Kozlowski, T. T. (ed.): Water Deficits and Plant Growth. Vol. 2. Pp. 23–84. Acad. Press, New York and London 1968.
Skau, C. M., Swanson, R. H.: An improved heat pulse velocity meter as an indicator of sap speed and transpiration.- J. geophys. Bes.68: 4743–4749, 1963.
SlavÍk, B. et al.: Metody Studia Vodniho Provozu Bostlin. [Methods of Studying Plant Water Belations.] - Nakl. ČSAV, Praha 1965.
Spomeb, G. G.: Sensors monitor tensions in transpiration streams of trees. - Science161: 484–485, 1968.
Swanson, B. H.: An instrument for detecting sap movement in woody plants. - U.S. Forest. Serv., Rocky Mountain Forest and Bange Exp. Sta., Sta. Paper 68. 16 pp. 1962.
Swanson, B. H.: Improving tree transpiration estimates based on heat pulse velocity measurements. - Proc. 14th IUFBO-Congress, Munich, Pt. I, Sect.11: 252–263, 1967.
Swanson, B. H., Lee, B.: Measurement of water movement from and through shrubs and trees. - J. Forest.64: 187–190, 1966.
Vieweg, G. H., Ziegler, H.: Thermoelektrische Begistrierung der Geschwindigkeit des Transpirationsstromes. -Ber. deut. bot. Ges.73: 221–226, 1960.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Čermák, J., Deml, M. & Penka, M. A new method of sap flow rate determination in trees. Biol Plant 15, 171–178 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02922390
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02922390