Summary
The paper introduces the idea of generalising a cumulative frequency curve to show arbitrary cumulative counts. For example, in demographic studies generalised cumulative curves can represent the distribution of population or area. Generalised cumulative curves can be a valuable instrument for exploratory data analysis. The use of cumulative curves in an investigation of population statistics in Northwest England allowed us to discover interesting facts about relationships between the distribution of national minorities and the degree of deprivation. We detected that, while high concentration of national minorities occurs, in general, in underprivileged districts, there are some differences related to the origin of the minorities. The paper sets the applicability conditions for generalised cumulative curves and compares them with other graphical tools for exploratory data analysis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andrienko, G., and Andrienko, N., 1999. Interactive maps for visual data exploration.International Journal Geographical Information Science,13, 355–374
Bunting, J., 2000. Measuring deprivation: a review of indices in common use, https://doi.org/www.swpho.org.uk/pat18discuss.htm
Cleveland, W.S., 1993.Visualizing Data, Hobart Press, Summit, New Jersey.
Lorenz, M.O., 1905. Methods of Measuring the Concentration of Wealth,Journal of the American Statistical Association, New Series,70, 209–219
Slocum, T.A., 1999.Thematic Cartography and Visualization. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey
Schmid, C.F., and Schmid, S.E., 1979.Handbook of graphic presentation. Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York
Shneiderman, B., 1983. Direct Manipulation: A Step Beyond Programming Languages,Computer, August 1983, 57–69
Tukey, J.W., 1977.Exploratory Data Analysis. Addison-Wesley, Reading
Tweedie, L., Spence, R., Dawkes, H., and Su, H., 1999. Externalising Abstract Mathematical Models. In: Card, S.K., Mackinlay, J.D., and Shneiderman, B. (Eds.)Readings in Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., San Francisco, California, pp. 276–284
Wilk, M.B., and Gnanadesikan, R. (1968. Probability plotting methods for the analysis of data.Biometrica,55(1), 1–17.
Yamahira, T., Kasahara, Y., and Tsurutani, T., 1985. How map designers can represent their ideas in thematic maps.The Visual Computer,1, 174–184.
Acknowledgement
We thank the reviewers of the paper and the editor for helpful suggestions concerning its improvement.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Andrienko, N., Andrienko, G. Cumulative curves for exploration of demographic data: a case study of Northwest England. Computational Statistics 19, 9–28 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02915274
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02915274