Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Social support and conscientiousness in hemodialysis adherence

  • Special Topics Series
  • Published:
Annals of Behavioral Medicine

Abstract

Previous conclusions regarding the role of social support in hemodialysis adherence are inconsistent, suggesting that other factors may moderate this relationship. Using the Five-Factor Model of Personality, we examined the hypothesis that conscientiousness would interact with social support in predicting fluid-intake and medication adherence in a sample of 56 chronic hemodialysis patients. Hierarchical regression analyses (controlling for demographic, clinical, and other personality variables) revealed a significant interaction between social support and conscientiousness. However, inconsistent with prediction, high support among patients with low conscientiousness was associated with poorer fluid-intake adherence, while support had little effect on fluid-intake adherence among high conscientiousness patients. No main or interactive effects were found for support or conscientiousness on a measure of medication adherence.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. U.S. Renal Data System:USRDS 1994 Annual Report. Bethesda, MD: The National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Newberry MA:Textbook of Hemodialysis for Patient Care Personnel. Springfield, MO: Charles C. Thomas, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Abram HS, Moore GL, Westervelt FB: Suicidal behavior in chronic dialysis patients.American Journal of Psychiatry, 1971,149: 1624–1628.

    Google Scholar 

  4. De-Nour AK: Prediction of adjustment to chronic hemodialysis. In Levy N (ed),Psychonephrology (Vol. 1). New York: Plenum, 1981, 117–131.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Plough AL, Salem S: Social and contextual factors in the analyses of mortality in end-stage renal disease: Implications for health policy.American Journal of Public Health. 1992,72: 1293–1295.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Wolcott DW, Maida CA, Diamond R, Nissenson AR: Treatment compliance in end-stage renal disease patients on dialysis.American Journal of Nephrology. 1986,6: 329–338.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Christensen AJ, Benotsch EG, Smith TJ: Determinants of regimen adherence in renal dialysis. In Gochman DS (ed),Handbook of Health Behavior Research (Vol. 2). New York: Plenum (in press, 1997).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Finnegan DL, Suler JR: Psychological factors associated with maintenance of improved health behaviors in postcoronary patients.Journal of Psychology. 1986,119: 87–94.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Goodall TA, Halford WK: Self-management of diabetes mellitus: A critical review.Health Psychology. 1991,10: 1–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Sherbourne CD, Hays RD, Ordway L, DiMatteo MR, Kravitz RL: Antecedents of adherence to medical recommendations: Results from the Medical Outcomes Study.Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 1992,15: 447–468.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Stanton AL: Determinants of adherence to medical regimens by hypertensive patients.Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 1987,10: 377–394.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kaplan RM, Hartwell SL: Differential effects of social support and social network on physiological and social outcomes in men and women with Type II diabetes mellitus.Health Psychology. 1987,6: 387–398.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Christensen AJ, Smith TW, Turner CW, et al: Family support, physical impairment, and adherence in hemodialysis: An investigation of main and buffering effects.Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 1992,15: 313–325.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Somer E, Tucker CM: Patient life engagement, spouse marital adjustment, and dietary compliance of hemodialysis patients.Journal of Compliance in Health Care. 1988,3: 57–65.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Somer E, Tucker CM: Spouse-marital adjustment and patient dietary adherence in chronic hemodialysis: A comparison of Afro-Americans and Caucasians.Psychology and Health. 1992,6: 69–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Boyer CB, Friend R, Chlouverakis G, Kaloyanides G: Social support and demographic factors influencing compliance of hemodialysis patients.Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 1990,20: 1902–1918.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Brown J, Fitzpatrick R: Factors influencing compliance with dietary restrictions in dialysis patients.Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1988,32: 191–196.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cummings KM, Becker MH, Kirscht JP, Levin NW: Psychosocial factors affecting adherence to medical regimens in a group of hemodialysis patients.Medical Care. 1982,6: 567–581.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Hitchcock PB, Brantley PJ, Jones GN, McKnight GT: Stress and social support as predictors of dietary compliance in hemodialysis patients.Behavioral Medicine. 1992,18: 13–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Reiss D, Gonzalez S, Kramer N: Family process, chronic illness, and death.Archives of General Psychiatry. 1986,43: 795–804.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Cohen S, Wills TA: Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis.Psychological Bulletin. 1985,98: 310–357.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Suls J: Social support, interpersonal relations, and health: Benefits and liabilities. In Sanders GS, Suls J (eds),Social Psychology of Health and Illness. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Lefcourt HM, Martin RA, Saleh WE: Locus of control and social support: Interactive moderators of stress.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1984,47: 378–389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sandler IN, Lakey B: Locus of control as a stress moderator: The role of control perceptions and social support.American Journal of Community Psychology. 1982,10: 65–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Thoits PA: Social support as coping assistance.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1986,54: 416–423.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Marshall GN, Wortman CB, Vickers RR, Kusulas JW, Hervig LK: The Five-Factor Model of Personality as a framework for personality-health research.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1994,67: 278–286.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wiebe JS, Christensen AJ: Patient adherence in chronic illness: Personality and coping in context.Journal of Personality. 1996,64: 815–835.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. McCrae RR, John OP: An introduction to the Five-Factor Model and its applications.Journal of Personality. 1992,60: 175–215.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Smith TW, Williams PG: Personality and health: Advantages and limitations of the Five-Factor Model.Journal of Personality. 1992,60: 395–423.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Christensen AJ, Smith TW: Personality and patient adherence: Correlates of the Five-Factor Model in renal dialysis.Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 1995,18: 305–313.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Wiebe JS, Christensen AJ: Health beliefs, personality, and adherence in hemodialysis patients: An interactive perspective.Annals of Behavioral Medicine (in press, 1997).

  32. Costa PT, McCrae RR:NEO PI-R Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc., 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Digman JM: Personality structure: Emergence of the Five-Factor Model.Annual Review of Psychology. 1990,41: 417–440.

    Google Scholar 

  34. McCrae RR, Costa PT: Validation of the Five-Factor Model of Personality across instruments and observers.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1987,52: 81–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Christensen AJ, Moran PJ, Lawton WJ, Stallman D, Voights AL: Monitoring attentional style and medical regimen adherence in hemodialysis.Health Psychology (in press, 1997).

  36. Cutrona CE, Russell DW: The provisions of social relationships and adaptation to stress. In Jones WH, Perleman D (eds),Advances in Personal Relationships (Vol. 1). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1987, 37–67.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Baron RS, Cutrona CE, Hicklin D, Russell RW, Lubaroff DM: Social support and immune function among spouses of cancer patients.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1990,59: 344–352.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kaplan RM, Toshima MT: The functional effects of social relationships on chronic illnesses and disability. In Sarason BR, Sarason IG, Sarason GR (eds),Social Support: An Interactional View. New York: Wiley, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Wortman CB, Dunkel-Schetter C: Conceptual and methodological issues in the study of social support. in Baum A, Singer JE (eds),Handbook of Psychology and Health (Vol. 5). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Burg MM, Seeman TE: Families and health: The negative side of social ties.Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 1994,16:109–115.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Funch DP, Gale EN: Prediction of treatment completion in a behavioral therapy program for chronic temporomandibular pain.Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1986,30:57–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Garrity TF: Vocational adjustment after first myocardial infarction: Comparative assessment of several variables suggested in the literature.Social Science and Medicine. 1973,7:705–717.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Redd M, DeCastro JM: Social facilitation of eating: Effects of social instruction on food intake.Physiology and Behavior. 1992,52:749–754.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Brehm JW:A Theory of Psychological Reactance. New York: Academic Press, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Orne CM, Binik YM: Consistency of adherence across regimen demands.Health Psychology. 1989,8:27–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Baldree KS, Murphy SP, Powers MJ: Stress identification and coping patterns in patients on hemodialysis.Nursing Research. 1982,31:107–112.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Rosenbaum M, Ben-Ari Smira K: Cognitive and personality factors in the delay of gratification in hemodialysis patients.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1986,51:357–364.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Manley M, Sweeney J: Assessment of compliance in hemodialysis adaptation.Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1986,30:153–161.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, The University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall, 52242, Iowa City, IA

    Patricia J. Moran, Alan J. Christensen & William J. Lawton

Authors
  1. Patricia J. Moran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alan J. Christensen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. William J. Lawton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Preparation of this manuscript was supported in part by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases grant DK49129 awarded to Alan Christensen.

We would like to acknowledge the assistance of Shelley Engman, J. Michels, Deanna Stallman, and Anne Voigts in carrying out this research.

About this article

Cite this article

Moran, P.J., Christensen, A.J. & Lawton, W.J. Social support and conscientiousness in hemodialysis adherence. ann. behav. med. 19, 333–338 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02895150

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02895150

Keywords

Search

Navigation