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Inflorescence and floral ontogeny in asteraceae: A synthesis of historical and current concepts

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Abstract

The interpretation that all floral events on the capitulum take place in an acropetal or centripetal sequence is widely accepted, but many contradictory examples have been found. A non-acropetal sequence has long been recognized for species with secondarily or tertiarily condensed heads, but species with uncondensed heterogamous heads also display some degree of departure from the strictly acropetal plan. Ray, or peripheral, flowers occasionally are initiated after and below/outside of the first series of actinomorphic (disk) flowers. In addition, ray flowers almost always lag behind in both size and developmental stage, only catching up much later, prior to anthesis. Flower primordia occasionally arise as common primordia together with the subtending receptacular or involucral bract. The pappus is quite plastic with regard to the timing of its initiation and to the number and type of primordia produced, although it is seldom the first organ to be initiated.

Abstrakt

In der Literatur für Botanik haben etliche Studien eine Anzahl von Asteraceenspezien als Untersuchungsorganismen benutzt. Bei dem Durchlesen von hortikutureller, genetischer, systematischer, anatomischer und, in einigen Fällen, physiologischer Literatur ergeben sich Tatsachen über Blüten-oder Inflorescenz-Entwicklungsdaten, entweder als das primäre Ziel der Untersuchung oder als ein Nebenprodukt davon. So ist es möglich, Entwicklungsdaten der Asteraceeninflorescenz und/oder-blüten von weithin verbreiteten Quelle zu erhalten und diese werden hier angesammelt, damit Vergleiche gezogen werden können und auch, damit diejenigen Studien hervorgehoben werden, die möglicherweise ausserhalb ihrer respektiven Gebiete nicht oft gelesen worden sind.

Die Feststellung, dass alle Blütenvorgänge am Köpfchen in einer akropetalen oder zentripetalen Sequenz zustandekommen, ist allegemein akzeptiert. Jedoch, viele diese Feststellung widersprechende Beispiele sind entdeckt worden. Eine nicht-akropetale Sequenz bei Spezien mit sekundären oder tertiären Köpfchen ist schon seit langem bekannt. Ausserdem zeigen unkondensierte Spezien mit heterogamen Köpfchen ebenfalls einen gewissen Grad der Abweichung von der streng akropetalen Anlage. Zungen-oder peripherale Blüten erreichen ihre Anlage manchmal nach und unter/ausserhalb der primären Serie von Röhrenblüten. Dazu kommt, dass Zungenblüten fast immer rück-ständig in ihrer Grösse und in ihrer Entwicklungsphase sind, sie holen erst viel später, vor der Anthese, auf. Gelegentlich entstehen Blütenprimordien als gemeinschaftliche Primordien zusammen mit dem Spreublatt oder mit dem Involukralblatt. Obgleich der Pappus selten das primäre Anlageorgan ist, beweist er sich als ziemlich wandelbar was den Anlagezeipunkt betrifft und auch im Hinblick auf die Anzahl und die Art der produzierten Primordien.

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    Elizabeth M. Harris

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Harris, E.M. Inflorescence and floral ontogeny in asteraceae: A synthesis of historical and current concepts. Bot. Rev 61, 93–278 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02887192

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