Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Parthenocarpy: Natural and artificial

  • Published:
The Botanical Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  1. Akh, Z. Partenokarpicheskie formy kavkazskoi khurmy (Parthenocarpic forms of Caucasian persimmon). Sovetsk. Subtrop. (Moskva) (6): 87–88. 1938.

    Google Scholar 

  2. D’Angermond, A. Parthenokarpie und Samenbildung bei Bananen. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.30: 686–691. 1912.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Anonymous. Thirty-first Annual Report for the year 1940 of the John Innes Horticultural, Institute. Cambridge. 1941.

  4. Bailey, L. H., And Munson, W. M. Experiences with egg plants. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 26. 1891.

  5. Bailey, L. H. Experiments in the forcing of tomatoes. Fourth Annual Report, Cornell Univ. Exp. Sta. 55. 1891.

  6. Bailey, L. H. The standard cyclopedia of horticulture. 1935.

  7. Barret, O. W. The tropical crops. 1928.

  8. Beketovskie, D. N. andBeketovskie, A. N. Contribution to the biological characteristics ofAcer negundo andAcer negundo var.odessanum. Bull. Appl. Bot., Genet. & Pl. Breed. X.2: 73–80. 1935.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bequinot, A. Note Biologiche. I. Parthenocarpie inStratiotes aloides. Atti. Soc. Nat. e Mat., Modena.60: 23–31. 1929.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bioletti, F. T. The seedless raisin grapes. Univ. Cal. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 298. 1918.

  11. Bremen-Estland, W. von Ueber die Parthenokarpie bei Gurken. Möller’s Deut. Gärtn.-Zeit.52: 21. 1937.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bugin, F. Partenocarpie e apogamie nelle piante arboree da frutto (Parthenocarpy and apogamy in tree fruits). Riv. Frutticultura (Ravenna)2: 182–200. 1938.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Burrell, P. C., andWhitaker, T. W. The effect of indole acetic acid on fruit setting in muskmelon. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.37: 829–830. 1940.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Campbell, C. Sulla partenocarpia nellaPhillyrea media. Annali di Bot.13: 411–413. 1915.

    Google Scholar 

  15. — Un caso di partenocarpia nell’olivio? Nuovo Giornale Bot. Italiano19: 86–89. 1912.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Carano, E. Ulteriore asservazioni auEuphorbia dulcis L. in raporto col suo compartamento appomittico. Annali Bot.17: 50–79. 1926.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Castetter, E. F. Species crosses in the genusCucurbita. Am. Jour. Bot.17: 41–57. 1930.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Chiarugi, A. Sulla partenocarpia delloZizyphus Lotus. Nuovo Giornale Bot. Italiano37: 275. 1930.

    Google Scholar 

  19. — Partenocarpia inZizyphus sativus Goertn. Nuovo Giornale Bot. Italiano37: 287–312. 1930.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Claypole, E. W. Secondary results of pollination. Rept. U. S. Com. Agr. 318–321. 1887.

  21. Cochran, H. L. Some factor influencing growth and fruit setting in pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Memoir 190. 1936.

  22. Coit, Y. E. Citrus fruits. 1920.

  23. Collins, J. L. Private communication. Pineapple Growers Co-operative Assoc. Ltd. Honolulu, Hawaii. Oct. 11, 1940.

  24. Condit, I. J. The Kaki or oriental persimmon. Univ. Cal. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 316. 1919.

  25. Condit, I. J. Caprifigs and caprification. Univ. Cal. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 319. 1920.

  26. — The structure and development of flowers inFicus Carica L. Hilgardia6: 443–481. 1932.

    Google Scholar 

  27. — Parthenocarpy in the fig. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.36: 401–404. 1939.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Dollfus, H. Wuchsstoffstudien. Planta25: 1–21. 1936.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Dorsey, M. J. A study of the cause of “buttons” in the J. H. Hale peach. Univ. Ill. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 458. 1939.

  30. Ernst, A. Bastardierung als Ursache der Apogamie im Pflanzenreich. 1918.

  31. Erwin, A. T., and Haber, E. S. Species and varietal crosses in Cucurbits. Ia. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 263. 1929.

  32. Ewert, R. Die Parthenokarpie der Obstbäume. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.24: 414–416. 1906.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Ewert, R. Die Parthenokarpie oder Jungfernfrüchtigkeit der Obstbäume. 1907.

  34. — Die Parthenokarpie der Stachelbeere. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.26: 531–532. 1908.

    Google Scholar 

  35. — Parthenokarpie bei der Stachelbeere. Landw. Jahrb.39: 463–470. 1910.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Fitting, H. Die Beeinflüssung der Orchideenblüten durch die Bestäubung und durch andere Umstände. Zeits. Bot.1: 1–86. 1909.

    Google Scholar 

  37. — Entwickelungsphysiologische Probleme der Fruchtbildung. Biol. Centralbl.29: 193–206. 226–266. 1909.

    Google Scholar 

  38. — Weitere entwicklungsphysiologische Untersuchungen an Orchideenblüten. Zet. Bot.2: 225–266. 1910.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Foster, A. C., andTatman, E. C. Environmental conditions influencing the development of tomato pockets or puffs. Pl. Physiol.12: 875–880. 1937.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Gardner, R. E., andMarth, P. C. Parthenocarpic fruits induced by spraying with growth promoting compounds. Bot. Gaz.99: 184–195. 1937.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Gardner, F. E., andKraus, E. J. Histological comparison of fruits developed parthenocarpically and following pollination. Bot. Gaz.99: 355–376. 1937.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. —,Marth, P. C., andBatter, L. P. Spraying with plant growth substances to prevent apple fruit dropping. Science90: 208–209. 1939.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. ——,And — Spraying with plant growth substance for control of the pre-harvest drop of apples. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.37: 415–428. 1939.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Gardner, V. R. Pollination of the sweet cherry. Ore. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 116. 1913.

  45. Gärtner, C. F. Versuche und Beobachtungen über die Bastardzeugung im Pflanzenreich. 1849.

  46. Goodspeed, T. H. Parthenogenesis, parthenocarpy, and phenospermy inNicotiana. Univ. Cal. Pub. Bot.5: 249–272. 1915.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Gould, H. P. The oriental persimmon. U. S. Dept. of Agr. Leaflet. 194. 1940.

  48. Goroff, G. W. Culture and varieties of Siamese Pummelos. Cal. Citrograph. 1930.

  49. Gustafsson, Åke. Sind die Canina-Rosen apomiktisch? Bot. Notiser.1931: 21–30. 1931.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Gustafson, F. G. Inducement of fruit development by growth promoting chemicals. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.22: 628–636. 1936.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. — Parthenocarpy induced by pollen extracts. Am. Jour. Bot.24: 102–107. 1937.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. — Further studies on artificial parthenocarpy. Am. Jour. Bot.25: 237–244. 1938.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. — The cause of natural parthenocarpy. Am. Jour. Bot.26: 135–138. 1939.

    Google Scholar 

  54. — Auxin distribution in fruits and its significance in fruit development. Am. Jour. Bot.26: 189–194. 1939.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. — Parthenocarpic and normal fruits compared as to percentage of setting and size. Bot. Gaz.102: 280–286. 1940.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. — Probable causes for the difference in facility of producing parthenocarpic fruits in different plants. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci.38: 479–481. 1941.

    Google Scholar 

  57. — β-naphthoxyacetic acid as an inductor of parthenocarpy in tomatoes. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci.40: 387–389. 1942.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Haan, H. De. Contributions to the genetics ofPisum. Genetica12: 321–440. 1930.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Hagemann, P. Über durch β-indolessigsäure ausgelöste Parthenokarpie der Gladiole. Gartenbauwiss.11: 144–150. 1937.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Hague, S. M. A. Morphological study ofDiospyros virginiana. Bot. Gaz.52: 34–44. 1911.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Hartley, C. P. Injurious effects of premature pollination; with general notes on artificial pollination and setting of fruits without pollination. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind., Bull.22. 1902.

  62. Hawthorn, L. R. Seedlessness in tomatoes. Science85: 199. 1937.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Hawthorn, L. R., and Wellington, R. Geneva, a greenhouse cucumber that develops fruit without pollination. N. Y. State Bull. 580. 1930.

  64. Hellborn, O. Notes on the cytology ofAnanas sativus and the origin of its parthenocarpy. Arkiv. Bot.17: (11). 1922.

  65. Hellborn, O. Taxonomical and cytological studies on cultivated Ecuadorian species ofCarica. Arkiv. Bot.17 (12). 1922.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Heinicke, A. J. Factors influencing the abscission of flowers and partially developed fruit of the apple. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 393. 1917.

  67. Higgins, J. E., and Holt, V. S. The Papaya in Hawaii. Hawaii Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 32. 1914.

  68. Hildebrand, F. Die Fruchtbildung der Orchideen. Ein Beitrag fĂĽr die doppelte Wirkung der pollen. Bot. Zeit.21: 329. 1863.

    Google Scholar 

  69. — Bastardierungsversuche an Orchideen. Bot. Zeit.23: 245–249. 1865.

    Google Scholar 

  70. — Einige biologische Beobachtungen. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.14: 324–331. 1896.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Hodgson, R. W. Floral situation, sex condition and parthenocarpy in the oriental persimmon. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci.37: 250–252. 1939.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Horn, C. L. Existence of only one variety of cultivated mangosteen explained by asexually formed “seeds” Science92: 237–238. 1940.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Höstermann, G. Berichte über die Tätigkeit der wissenschaftlichen Institute. I. Pflanzenphysiologische Versuchsstation. Ber. Kgl. Gartenl., Dahlem. 85–106, 1912; 54–62, 1913; 109–112, 1920–1922.

  74. Howlett, F. S. Experiments concerning the practicability of certain chemicals as a means of inducing fruit setting in the tomato. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci..37: 886–890. 1940.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. — Effect of indole butyric acid upon tomato fruit set and development. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci.39: 217–227. 1941.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Hubert, B., andMaton, J. Parthenocarpie en Groeistof. Natuurwet. Tijds.21: 339–348. 1939.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Hume, H. H. Non-fruiting of Japan persimmons due to lack of pollen. Science30: 308–309. 1909.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Hume, H. H. Effect of pollination on the fruit ofDiospyros Kaki. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 88–93. 1913.

  79. Hummel, O. Aus der Biologie des Samentragens der Waldbäume. Zeits. Forst. Jagdw.62: 365–371. 1930.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Hunter, A. W. S. The experimental induction of parthenocarpic strawberries. Canad. Jour. Res.19: 413–419. 1941.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Jacob, H. E. The response of the Hunisa grape to girdling. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci.32: 386–388. 1934.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Janes, Byron E. Some chemical differences between artificially produced parthenocarpic fruits and normal seeded fruits of tomato. Am. Jour. Bot.28: 639–646. 1941.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Joshi, A. C. Parthenocarpy inDodenea viscosa. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.17: 97–100. 1938.

    Google Scholar 

  84. — AndKajale, L. B A note on the structure and development of the embryo-sac, ovule and fruit ofTamarix dioica. Ann. Bot.50: 421–426. 1936.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Juliano, J. B. The cause of sterility inSpondias purpurea. Philippine Agr.21: 15–24. 1932.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Kraus, E. J. the self-sterility problem. Jour. Hered.6: 549–557. 1915.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Kronfeld, M. Fruchtbildung ohne Befruchtung. Biol. Zentralbl.10: 65–66. 1890.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Laibach, F. Pollenhormone und Wuchsstoff. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.50: 383–390. 1932.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. — Versuche mit Wuchsstoffpaste. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.51: 386–392. 1933.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. La Rue, C. D. The effect of auxin on the abscission of petioles. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.22: 254–259. 1936.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. — The part played by auxin in the formation of internal intumescences in the tunnels of leaf miners. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club64: 97–102. 1937.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Lesley, J. W. Private correspondence. Univ. Cal. Citrus Exp. Sta., Riverside, Cal., Jan. 20, 1940.

  93. Lesley, Margaret M., andLesley, J. W. Parthenocarpy in a tomato deficient for a part of a chromosome in its aneuploid prophase. Genetics26: 374–386. 1941.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Link, G. K. K., and Eggers, V. Auxins ofHyalopterus arundinis and its host. Abstr. Papers Physiol. Sec., Bot. Soc. 1939.

  95. Longo, B. Ricerche sul melo “senga fiori”Pyrus apetala Münch. Atti R. Accad. Linei Roma Berdiconti (Acad. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat.)29: 290–291. 1920.

    Google Scholar 

  96. McCollum, J. P. Vegetative and reproductive responses associated with fruit development in cucumber. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Mem. 163: 1–27. 1934.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Maheshwari, P. The role of growth hormones in the production of seedless fruits. Sci. & Cult.6: 85–89. 1940.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Maillefer, A. Parthenocarpie d’Aristolochia Sipho. Arch. Sci. Phys. et Nat. Geneva46: 90–91. 1918.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Mangelsdorf, P. C. The genetics and morphology of some endosperm characters in maize. Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 279: 513–612. 1926.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Massart, J. Sur la pollination san fécondation. Bull. Jard. Bot. Bruxelles1: 89–95. 1902.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Meyer, F. Über die Verteilung des Wuchsstoffes in der Pflanzen während ihrer Entwicklung. Diss. Johann Wolfgang Gothe Univ. Frankfort am Mainz. 1936.

  102. Morinaga, T., andFukushima, E. Studies on the haploid plant ofOryza sativa. Jap. Jour. Bot.7: 75–106. 1934.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Morita, K. Influences de la pollination et d’autres actions extérieures sur la fleur deCymbidium virens. Bot. Mag.32: 39–52. 1918.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Müller-Thurgau, H. Abhängigkeit der Ausbildung der Traubenbeeren und einiger anderer Früchte von der Entwicklung der Samen. Landwirt. Jahrb. Schweiz12: 135–205. 1898.

    Google Scholar 

  105. — Kernlose Traubenbeeren und Obstfrüchte. Landwirt. Jahrb. Schweiz22: 560–593. 1908.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Munson, W. M. Preliminary notes on the secondary effects of pollination. Ann. Rep. Me. Agr. Exp. Sta. 29–58. 1892.

  107. Munson, W. M. Pollination and fertilization of flowers. Ann. Rep. Me. Agr. Exp. Sta. 219–229. 1898.

  108. Myers, R. M. The effect of heteroauxin on the development of debladed petioles ofColeus. Trans. Ill. State Acad. Sci.33: 89–90. 1940.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Nagai, Isaburo. Studies on the mutations inOryza sativa L. II. On awned sterile, compact-panicled, and dwarf mutants. Jap. Jour. Bot.3: 55–56. 1926.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Nagai, K., andTanikawa, T. On citrus pollination. Proc. III Pan-Pacific Sci. Congr.3: 2023–2029. 1926.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Negrul, A. M. Contribution to the question of parthenocarpy and apomixis in the grape. Bull. App. Bot., Genet. & Pl. Breed.2: 229–268. 1934.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Nixon, R. W. The direct effect of pollen on the fruit of the date palm. Jour. Agr. Res.36: 97–128. 1928.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Noll, F. Fruchtbildung ohne vorausgegangene Bestäubung (Parthenokarpie) bei der Gurke. Sitzungsb. Niederrhein. Ges. Nat. Heilk. Bonn. 149–162. 1902.

  114. Oinone, Y. Artificial parthenocarpy by use of auxin. Agr. & Hort.13: 2213–2228. 1938.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Oleson, Elizabeth G. Artificial induction of parthenocarpic fruiting. Thesis—State Univ. of Iowa. 1938.

  116. Olmo, H. P. Pollination and the setting of fruit in Black Corinth grape. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci.34: 402–404. 1936.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Paulsen, F., andBerna, R. Seconda nota suli una “Ciminnita” Risultati delle esperienze di fecondazione artificiale. Italia Agr.71: 117–119. 1934.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Pearson, Helen M. Parthenocarpy and seedlessness inVitis vinifera. Science76: 594. 1932.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. — Parthenocarpy and seed abortion inVitis vinifera. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci.29: 169–175. 1932.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Pijl, L. van der. Über die Polyembryonie beiEugenia. Rec. Trav. Bot.31: 113–187. 1934.

    Google Scholar 

  121. Pirotta, R., e Di Pergola, D. Partinocarpia nel’ olivo? Nola preventia. Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 122–124. 1913.

  122. Pope, W. T. Citrus culture in Hawaii. Hawaii Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 71. 1934.

  123. Reinecke, O. S. H. Field and laboratory studies of the pollination requirements of varieties of deciduous fruit trees grown in South Africa. Union So. Afr. Dept. Agr., Sci. Bull. 9. 1930.

  124. — The relation of seed formation to fruit development of the pear. So. Afr. Jour. Sci.27: 303–309. 1930.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Reinking, O. A. The double pummelo of Banda and Ambon. Jour. Hered.20: 449–458. 1929.

    Google Scholar 

  126. —, AndGroff, G. W. The Kao Pan seedless Siamese pummelo and its culture. Philip. Jour. Sci.19: 389–437. 1921.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Salacolu, Th. Sur les fruits parthénocarpiques. Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci.141: 897–898. 1905.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Sandsten, E. P. Excessive feeding as a factor in producing variation in tomato. Wis. Agr. Exp. Sta. Rep. 300–314. 1905.

  129. Savelli, R. Il grada di partenocarpia. Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital.34: 518–525. 1927.

    Google Scholar 

  130. — Partenocarpia in due razze di tabacco e considerazioni su un probabile modo di generi di alcune piante partenocarpiche. Arch. Bot. Sist. Fit. Genet.4: 15–35. 1929.

    Google Scholar 

  131. Schaffner, John H. Artificial parthenocarpy. Jour. Hered.26: 261–262. 1935.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Schroeder, R. A. Application of plant hormones to tomato ovaries. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci.35: 537–538. 1937.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Sereisky, A. C. The hormone factors of fruit formation and the problem of experimental parthenocarpy. Jour. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. RSS Ukraine. Special Collection in memory of Acad. Lubimenko 115–127. 1938.

  134. — On the effect of heteroauxin on the ovaries of some plants. Jour. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. RSS Ukraine. Nos. 21-22. 377–393. 1939.

    Google Scholar 

  135. Shing, K. C., andFeng, Y. F. A study of the parthenocarpy of the Shen-Chou peach. Jour. Agr. Assoc. China no. 149, 1–13. 1936.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Sideris, C. P. Private communication. Pineapple Prod. Co-op. Assoc., Honolulu.Sept. 26, 1940.

  137. Smith, O., and Cochran, H. L. Effect of temperature on pollen germination and tube growth in the tomato. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Mem. 175. 1935.

  138. Snyder, E., andHarmon, F. N. “Synthetic” Zante grades. Jour. Hered.31: 315–318. 1940.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Stewart, F. C., and Eustace, H. J. Notes from the Botanical Department, N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 200. 1901.

  140. Strong, Miriam C. The effect of various growth-promoting chemicals on the production of tomato fruits in the greenhouse. Mich. Agr. Exp. Sta. Quart. Bull.24: 56–64. 1941.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Strong, W. J. Parthenocarpy in cucumber. Sci. Agr.12: 665–669. 1932.

    Google Scholar 

  142. Stout, A. B. Seedlessness in grapes. N. Y. State Agr. Exp. Sta., Tech. Bull. 238. 1936.

  143. — Progress in breeding for seedless grapes. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci.37: 627–29. 1939.

    Google Scholar 

  144. Sturtevant, E. L. Seedless fruits. Mem. Torrey Bot. Club1: 141–185. 1890.

    Google Scholar 

  145. Susa, T. Sterility in certain grapes. Mem. Hort. Soc. N. Y.3: 223–228. 1927.

    Google Scholar 

  146. Tamari, K. Studies of Kaki fruit. Dainippon Nokai-Ho. Jour. Agr. Soc. Japan, No. 233. 1901.

  147. Tatarintsev, A. S. Parthenocarpy in tomatoes. Izv. Selsk. Khoz. Akad. K. A. Timiriazera (Ann. Timiriasev Agr. Acad.)4: 125–141. 1929.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Thimann, K. V. Studies on the growth hormone of plants. VI. The distribution of the growth substance in plant tissues. Jour. Gen. Physiol.18: 23–34. 1934.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Tiedjens, V. A. Sex ratios in cucumbers as affected by different conditions of soil and light. Jour. Agr. Res.36: 721–746. 1928.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Tischler, G. Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung des Bananenpollens. Arch. Zellf.5: 622–670. 1910.

    Google Scholar 

  151. — Über die Entwicklung der Samenanlagen in partenocarpen angiosperm Früchten. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.52: 1–84. 1912.

    Google Scholar 

  152. Tollenaar, D., EnMiddelburg, H. A.. Grondslagen en resultaten der tegenwoordige veredeling bij de Vorstenlandsche tabak. Proefsta. Vorstenland Tabak. Mededeel.63: 88. 1930.

    Google Scholar 

  153. Torres, J. P. Progress report on citrus hybridization. {jtPhilip. Jour. Agr.} {snIII}. {vn3}. {dy1932}.

  154. Treub, M. L’action des rubes polliniques sur les développements des ovules chez les Orchidées. Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg.3: 122. 1883.

    Google Scholar 

  155. Uphof, J. C. Th. Wissenschaftliche Beobachtungen und Versuche an Argumen. I. Über die Blütenverhältnisse der Tahitilimonelle. Gartenbauwiss4: 513–520. 1931.

    Google Scholar 

  156. Van Overbeek, J., Conklin, M. E., andBlakeslee, A. F.. Chemical stimulation of ovule development and its possible relation to parthenogenesis. Am. Jour. Bot.28: 647–656. 1941.

    Google Scholar 

  157. Varrelman, F. A. Anent parthenocarpic apples. Science87: 414. 1938.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Waite, B. M. The pollination of pear flowers. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Veg. Path., Bull. 5. 1894.

  159. Waite, B. M. The pollination of pomaceous fruits. Year Book Dept. Agr. 1898.

  160. Webber, H. J. Influence of pollination on set of fruits in citrus. Cal. Citrograph15: 304; 322–323. 1929-30.

    Google Scholar 

  161. Wellington, R., andHawthorn, L. R. A parthenocarpic hybrid derived from a cross between an English forcing cucumber and the Arlington White Spine. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci.25: 97–100. 1929.

    Google Scholar 

  162. Wettstein, R. v. Über Parthenokarpie beiDiospyros Kaki. Osterr. Bot. Zeits.58: 457–462. 1908.

    Google Scholar 

  163. Winkler, H. Über Parthenogenesis und Apogamie im Pflanzenreiche. Prog. Rei Bot.2: 293–454. 1907-08.

    Google Scholar 

  164. — Über die Nachkommenschaft der Solanum-Pfropbastarde und die Chromosomenzahlen ihrer Keinzellen. Zeits. Bot.2: 1–38. 1910.

    Google Scholar 

  165. Wölfert, Georg. Über Parthenokarpie im Pflanzenreiche. Abst. thesis: Ernst Schmalfeld, Hamburg. 1920.

  166. Wong, C. Y. Induced parthenocarpy of watermelon, cucumber and pepper by the use of growth promoting substances. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci.36: 632–636. 1938.

    Google Scholar 

  167. — Progress report on induced parthenocarpy in some horticultural crops. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci.37: 158–160. 1939.

    Google Scholar 

  168. — Induced parthenocarpy of watermelon, cucumber and pepper. Science89: 17–18. 1939.

    Google Scholar 

  169. — Chemically induced parthenocarpy in certain horticultural plants, with special reference to the watermelon. Bot. Gaz.103: 64–86. 1941.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Woodburn, W. L. Notes on the native seedless persimmons. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 99–101. 1908.

  171. — Development of the embryosac and endosperm in some seedless persimmons. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club38: 379–384. 1911.

    Google Scholar 

  172. Wright, N. On the seedlessness of Citrus fruits with particular reference to Marsh grapefruit. Trop. Agr.13: 118–122. 1936.

    Google Scholar 

  173. Yasuda, S. Parthenocarpy caused by the stimulus of pollination in some plants of Solanaceae. Agr. & Hort.5: 287–294. 1930.

    Google Scholar 

  174. — On the behavior of pollen tubes in the production of seedless fruits caused by interspecific pollination. Jap. Jour. Genet.8: 239–244. 1933.

    Google Scholar 

  175. — The second report on the behavior of the pollen tubes in the production of seedless fruits caused by interspecific pollination. Jap. Jour. Genet.9: 118–124. 1934.

    Google Scholar 

  176. — Parthenocarpy caused by the stimulus of pollination in some plants of Solanaceae. Agr. & Hort.9: 647–656. 1934.

    Google Scholar 

  177. —,Inaba, T., andTakahashi, Y. Parthenocarpy caused by the stimulation of pollination in some plants of the cucurbitaceae. Agr. & Hort.10: 1385–1390. 1935.

    Google Scholar 

  178. — Some contributions on the parthenocarpy caused by the stimulation of pollination. (A report of the parthenocarpy caused by self pollination in egg plants and cucumbers) Rep. Bull. Sci. Fakultato Terkult. Kjusu Imp. Univ.7: 33–55. 1936.

    Google Scholar 

  179. Zimmerman, P. W., Hitchcock, A. E., andWilcoxon, F. Responses of plants to growth substances applied as solution and as vapors. Contrb. Boyce Thompson Inst.10: 363–376. 1939.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. —,And — Formative effects induced with β-naph-thoxyacetic acid. Contrb. Boyce Thompson Inst.12: 1–14. 1941.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Michigan, Michigan, USA

    Felix G. Gustafson

Authors
  1. Felix G. Gustafson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gustafson, F.G. Parthenocarpy: Natural and artificial. Bot. Rev 8, 599–654 (1942). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02881046

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02881046

Keywords

Search

Navigation