Abstract
Feeding by psyllid nymphs causes “Psyllid yellows,” a characteristic yellowing of shoots which results in a dramatic loss of tuber yield. If psyllid infestation is not controlled, the onset of shoot yellowing and growth reductions can occur within two weeks. When insecticides are applied after yellowing, recovery of plants often is not complete. In this study comparisons were made of the physiology and growth of tops and tubers of recovered and permanently injured potatoes of the cultivars ‘Denali,’ ‘Kennebec,’ and ‘Norgold Russet.’
Permanently injured plants senesced rapidly, developed less shoot growth, aerial tubers and shortened and thickened internodes. They had lower tuber yields than plants that recovered. Permanently injured ‘Denali’ developed shoots on old flowering stems.
In permanently injured plants of all cultivars, the tubers were small and badly misshapen but numbers increased. In recovered ‘Kennebec’ plants tubers were also misshapen, but were of average size. Tubers of recovered ‘Denali’ and ‘Norgold Russet’ were of acceptable shape.
In samplings made during tuber growth, dry weight percentages of total soluble sugars, sucrose and glucose of tubers from permanently injured plants were found to be the same as those of recovered plants. In all cultivars, starch percentages of tubers from permanently injured plants were higher than that of the recovered, but the pattern of carbohydrate content changes was similar for permanently injured and recovered cultivars.
Resumen
La alimentación de las ninfas del psibido causa un característico “amarillamiento” de los brotes que resulta en una dramática reducción en la producción de tubérculos. Si no se practica un control de la infestación por los psibidos, en el término de dos semanas los síntomas del amarillamiento de los brotes y reducción del crecimiento alcanzarán su máxima expresión. Cuando se aplican insecticidas después de que aparecen los sintomas del “amarillamiento,” las plantas no se recuperan del todo. En este estudio se hicieron comparaciones de la fisiologia y crecimiento del follaje y tubérculos de plantas de papa dañadas, que se recuperaron del “amarillamiento” y de aquellos que mostraron daño permanente. Los cultivares de papa usados fueron “Denali,” “Kennebec” y “Norgold Russet.”
Las plantas de papa que mostraron daños permanentes envejecieron rápidamente, los brotes crecieron menos, hubo producción de tubérculos aéreos y los entrenudos del tallo fueron más cortos y gruesos. Plantas de esta condición produjeron cosechas más bajas que las plantas de papa que se recuperaron del “amarillamiento.” Plantas con daños permanentes del cultivar “Denali” produjeron brotes con inflorescencias viejas.
En plantas de todos los cultivares estudiados que tuvieron daños permanentes, produjeron tubérculos pequeños muy deformados, pero en un numero mayor que plantas sanas. En plantas del cultivar Kennebec que se recuperaron, los tubérculos fueron también deformados, pero de tamaño normal. Tubérculos de los cultivares “Denali” y “Norgold Russet” fueron de tamaño aceptable.
En muestros realizados durante el desarrollo de los tubérculos, los porcentajes de peso seco, de los azucares solubles totales, sucrosa y glucosa de tubérculos pertenecientes a plantas con daflo permanente, fueron iguales a aquellos de plantas recuperadas del “amarillamiento.” En todos los cultivares, los porcentajes de almidón de tubérculos pertenecientes a plantas con daño permanente fueron más altos que aquellos de plantas recuperadas, pero el patrón de cambio del contenido de carbohidratos fueron similares para plantas con daños permanentes y cultivares de papas recuperados.
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This work was supported by the University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station, Journal paper No. 3852.
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Arslan, A., Bessey, P.M., Matsuda, K. et al. Physiological effects of psyllid (Paratrioza cockerelli) on potato. American Potato Journal 62, 9–22 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871295
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871295