Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The host range of infectious hairy-root

  • Published:
The Botanical Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

According to the literature, the distinctive symptom of the hairy-root disease is the formation of a mass of adventitious roots on the stem of the host plant. Hairy-root was divided into four diseases: infectious hairy-root, non-infectious hairy-root, crown gall and wound overgrowth.

Infectious hairy-root, caused byAgrobacterium rhizogenes, seems to have the greatest economic importance. Its host range is not very well known. It has been found under natural conditions on apple trees and on two species ofSpiraea. Cross-inoculation results are known for 33 plant species. We extended this information by wounding and inoculating 192 plant species, belonging to 83 families, withA. rhizogenes strain TR7.

We also attempted to correlate the susceptibility of plants to hairy-root with known or presumed relationships according to Engler (1954, 1964) and Takhtajan (1969). Three lower plants and the only gymnosperm inoculated are not sensitive to the disease. None of our bacterial inoculations on 16 monocots resulted in hairy-root. Eighteen percent (=37 species) of the 202 inoculated dicotyledonous plants are host plants: they belong to 30 genera and 15 families. Thirty-three of the 37 host plants (=89%) belong to the closely related and highly developed subclassesAsteridae andRosidae. There are indications that families which are typical phenol accumulators are more susceptible to the disease.

The pathogenic specificity of A.rhizogenes was also compared with that of A.tumefaciens. Tumorigenic and rhizogenic activities can be induced by both bacterial strains. Up to now, there is no evidence that crown gall and hairy-root neoplasms are substantially different. The underlying concepts for root and tumor formation are discussed.

Resume

Le symptôme le plus distinctif de “hairy-root” est selon la litérature la formation d’une masse de racines adventives sur la tige des plantes hôtes. “Hairy-root” était divisée en quatre groupes: “infectious hairy-root,” “non-infectious hairy-root,” “crown gall” (galle de la couronne), et tissus de blessure.

Infectious “hairy-root,” provoquée parAgrobacterium rhizogenes semble avoir la plus grande importance sur le plan économique. La maladie a été constatée dans des conditions naturelles sur des pommiers et sur deux espèces deSpiraea. Des résultats d’inoculations expérimentales sont connus pour 33 espèces de plantes. Nous avons élargi cette information en blessant et inoculant 192 espèces appartenantes à 83 familles, avec la souche TR7 d’A.rhizogenes.

En outre, nous avons essayé d’établir un rapport entre la susceptibilité des plantes au “hairy-root” et les relations taxonomiques connues et/ou proposées (d’après les systèmes d’Engler (1954, 1964) et de Takhtajan, 1969). Trois plantes inférieures et la seule plante gymnosperme étudiée ne sont pas sensibles à la maladie. Aucune des inoculations, faites sur 16 espèces monocotylédones provoquait une réaction pathologique. Dix-huit pourcent (=37 espèces) des 202 dicotylédones étudiées, étaient des plantes hôtes: elles appartiennent à 30 genres et 15 familles. Trente-trois des 37 plantes hôtes (=89%) appartiennent aux sous-classesAsteridae etRosidae, sous-classes qui sont très évoluées et étroitement liées. Il y a des indications que des familles, caractérisées par des accumulations typiques de phénols, sont plus sensibles à la maladie.

La spécificité pathologique d’A.rhizogenes a aussi été comparée avec celle d’A.tumefaciens. Les deux espèces bactériennes peuvent induire des activités tumorigènes et rhizogènes. Jusqu’à présent il n’y a aucune épreuve que “crown gall” et “hairy-root” sont fondamentalement différent. Les phénomènes de base menant à la formation de racines et de tumeurs sont discutés.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature Cited

  • Aghion-Prat, D. 1965. Floral meristem-organizing gradient in tobacco stems. Nature (London)207: 1211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, A. R. andL. W. Moore. 1979. Host specificity in the genusAgrobacterium. Phytopathology69: 320–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Appier, H. 1951. Über die Tumorbildung durchPseudomonas tumefaciens und durch Heteroauxin anHelianthus annuus. Biol. Zentralbl.70: 452–469.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beiderbeck, R. 1973. Unabhängige Induktion von Teratomen und Wurzeln durch Mischungen verschiedenen Stämme vonAgrobacterium. Z. Pflanzenphysiologie69: 163–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergey, D. H., F. C. Harrison, R. S. Breed, B. W. Hammer andF. M. Huntoon. 1923. Hergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boom, B. K. 1950. Flora der gekweekte, kruidachtige gewassen. Veenman, Wageningen.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1968a. Flora van kameren kasplanten. Veenman, Wageningen.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1968b. Nederlandse dendrologie. Veenman, Wageningen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun, A. C. 1948. Studies on the origin and development of plant teratomas incited by the crown-gall bacterium. Amer. J. Bot.35: 511–519.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1953. Bacterial and host factors concerned in determining tumor morphology in crown gall. Bot. Gaz.114: 363–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • — andT. Stonier. 1958. Morphology and physiology of plant tumors. Protoplasmatologia. X. Pathologie des Protoplasmas. Springer, Wien.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, N. A. 1924. An apple stem-tumor, not crown-gall. J. Agric. Res.27: 695–698.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1929. The tendency of the crown-gall organism to produce roots in conjunction with tumors. J. Agric. Res.39: 747–766.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, P. K. andS. Venketeswaran. 1965. Growth characteristics of teratomata and habituated tobacco tissue cultures. Amer. J. Bot.52: 614.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conn, H. J. 1942. Validity of the genusAlcaligenes. J. Bacteriol.44: 353–360.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Currier, T. C. andE. W. Nester. 1976. Evidence for diverse types of large plasmids in tumor-inducing strains ofAgrobacterium. J. Bacteriol.126: 157–165.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Cleene, M. andJ. De Ley. 1976. The host range of crown gall. Bot. Rev.42: 389–466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1977. Adventitious roots on crown gall tumors ofKalanchoë tubiflora (Harvey) Raymond-Garnet. Med. Fac. Landbouwwet. (State University, Gent, Belgium)42/2: 1039–1047.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Ley, J. 1972.Agrobacterium: intrageneric relationships and evolution. Pages 251–259in H. P. Maas-Geesteranus (ed.). Proceedings of the third international conference on plant pathogenic bacteria. Wageningen, The Netherlands.

  • —,M. Bernaerts, A. Rassel andJ. Guilmot. 1966. Approach to an improved taxonomy of the genusAgrobacterium. J. Gen. Microbiol.43: 7–17.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • —,R. Tytgat, J. De Smedt andM. Michiels. 1973. Thermal stability of DNA:DNA hybrids within the genusAgrobacterium. J. Gen. Microbiol.78: 241–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duggar, B. M. 1909. Fungous diseases of plants. Ginn & Co., Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrendorfer, F. 1973. Liste der Gefässpflanzen Mitteleuropas. 2 Aufl. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, C. 1951. Manual of bacterial plant pathogens, ed. 2, rev. Chronica Botanica Co., Waltham, Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engler, A. 1954, 1964. Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien. 12 Aufl. H. Melchior und E. Werdermann. Bd. 1 Berlin (1954), Bd. 2 Berlin (1964).

  • Garcke, A. 1972. Illustrierte Flora-Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete. Paul Parey, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harborne, J. B., D. Boulter andB. L. Turner (eds.). 1971. Chemotaxonomy of the Leguminosae. Academic Press, London & New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedgcock, G. G. 1908. Some stem tumors or knots on apple and quince trees. U.S. Dep. Agric, Circ. nℴ 3.

  • -. 1910. Field studies of the crown gall and hairy root of the apple tree. U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Bull. 186.

  • Hegnauer, R. 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1969, 1973. Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen. Band IV (1966), Band V (1969), Band VI (1973). Ed. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel und Stuttgart.

  • Heukels, H. andS. J. Van Ooststroom. 1970. Flora van Nederland. Wolters-Noordhoff, Groningen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrand, E. M. 1934. Life history of the hairy-root organism in relation to its pathogenesis on nursery apple trees. J. Agric. Res.48: 857–885.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins, D. L. andR. D. Durbin. 1971. Induction of adventitious roots by culture filtrates of the hairy root bacterium,Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Canad. J. Microbiol.17: 1409–1412.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Index Kewensis. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

  • Jacobsen, H. 1970. Das Sukkulenten Lexikon. G. Fischer, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keane, P. J., A. Kerr andP. B. New. 1970. Crown gall on stone fruit. II. Identifications and nomenclature ofAgrobacterium isolates. Austral. J. Biol. Sci.23: 585–595.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kersters, K. andJ. De Ley. 1975. Identification and grouping of bacteria by numerical analysis of their electrophoretic protein patterns. J. Gen. Microbiol.87: 333–342.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ——,P. H. A. Sneath andM. Sackin. 1973. Numerical taxonomic analysis ofAgrobacterium. J. Gen. Microbiol.78: 227–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, R. M. andG. K. K. Link. 1955. The etiology of crown gall. Quart. Rev. Biol.30: 207–277.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krüssmann, G. 1962. Handbuch der Laubgehölze. Parey, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1970. Handbuch der Nadelgehölze. Parey, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kupila, S. 1963. Crown gall as an anatomical and cytological problem: review. Cancer Res.23: 497–509.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • — andE. Therman. 1968. Morphogenesis of crown gall. Advances Morphogen.7: 45–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lieske, R. 1928. Untersuchungen uber die Krebskrankheit bei Pflanzen, Tieren und Menschen. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. 2 Abt. I, Orig.108: 118–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lippincott, J. A. andB. B. Lippincott. 1969. Tumor-initiating ability and nutrition in the genusAgrobacterium. J. Gen. Microbiol.59: 57–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1976. Morphogenic determinants as exemplified by the crown-gall disease.In: R. Heitefuss and P. H. Williams (eds.). Encyclopedia of plant pathology. New series, Vol. 4. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1978. Tumor initiation complementation on bean leaves by mixtures of tumorigenic and nontumorigenicAgrobacterium rhizogenes. Phytopathology68: 365–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melhus, I. E., J. H. Muncie andV. C. Fisk. 1928. Grafting as a further means of preventing knots on apple. Phytopathology18: 127–128 (Abstr.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, L. W., G. Warren and G. Strobel. 1978. Plasmid involvement in the hairy-root infection caused byAgrobacterium rhizogenes. In: Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Plant Bact. Angers.

  • ———. 1979. Involvement of a plasmid in the hairy-root disease of plants caused byAgrobacterium rhizogenes. Plasmid2: 617–626.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muncie, J. H. 1927. A study of crown gall caused byPseudomonas tumefaciens on rosaceous hosts. Iowa State Coll. J. Sci.1: 67–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • — andR. F. Suit. 1930. Studies of crown gall, overgrowths, and hairy-root on apple nursery stock. Iowa State Coll. J. Sci.4: 263–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riker, A. J. andW. M. Banfield. 1932. Studies on the development of crown gall, hairy-root, and wound overgrowth in treated soil. Phytopathology22: 167–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——,W. H. Wright andG. W. Keitt. 1928. The relation of certain bacteria to the development of roots. Science68: 357–359.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ————, andH. E. Sagen. 1930. Studies on infectious hairy-root of nursery apple trees. J. Agric. Res.41: 507–540.

    Google Scholar 

  • —— andG. W. Keitt. 1926. Studies of crown gall and wound overgrowth on apple tree nursery stock. Phytopathology16: 765–808.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schell, J., M. Van Montagu, A. De Picker, D. De Waele, G. Engler, C. Genetello, J-P. Hernalsteens, M. Holsters, E. Messens, B. Silva, S. Van Den Eisacker, N. Van Larebeke andI. Zaenen. 1977.Agrobacterium tumefaciens: what segment of the plasmid is responsible for the induction of crown gall tumors? Pages 329–342in: L. Bogorad and J. H. Weil (eds.). Nucleic acids and protein synthesis in plants. Plenum Publishing Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoevers, T. A. C. 1918. Iets over wortelknobbels en andere kankerachtige uitwassen bij planten. Tijdschr. PlantenziektenXXIV: 123–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegler, E. A. 1928. Studies on the etiology of apple crown gall. J. Agric. Res.37: 301–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1929. The woolly knot type of crown gall. J. Agric. Res.39: 427–450.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1930. Effect of the apple strain of the crown gall organism on root production. J. Agric. Res.40: 747–753.

    Google Scholar 

  • — andR. B. Piper. 1929. Aerial crown gall of the apple. J. Agric. Res.39: 249–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1931. Pathogenesis in the woolly-knot type of crown gall. J. Agric. Res.43: 985–1002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skyring, G. W., C. Quadling andJ. W. Rouatt. 1971. Soil bacteria: principal component analysis of physiological descriptions of some named cultures ofAgrobacterium, Arthrobacter, andRhizobium. Can. J. Microbiol.17: 1299–1311.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, E. F., N. A. Brown andC. O. Townsend. 1911. Crown gall of plants: its cause and remedy. U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Bull.213: 13–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • — andC. O. Townsend. 1907. A plant-tumor of bacterial origin. Science25: 671–673.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stapp, C. 1927. Der bakterielle Pflanzenkrebs und seine Beziehungen zum tierischen und menslichen Krebs. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges.XLV: 480–504.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1958. Pflanzenpathogene Bactériën. Paul Parey, Berlin & Hamburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • — andH. Bortels. 1931. Der Pflanzenkrebs und sein Erreger,Pseudomonas tumefaciens. I. Mitteilung: Konstitution und Tumorbildung der Wirtspflanze. Z. Parasitenk.3: 654–663.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, F. C., F. M. Rolfs andF. H. Hall. 1900. A fruit disease survey of Western New York in 1900. New York Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull.191: 291–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suit, R. F. 1933.Pseudomonas rhizogenes R. B. W. K. & S.: its host relations and characteristics. Iowa State Coll. J. Sci.8: 131–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swingle, C. F. 1925. Burr-knot of apple trees. Its relation to crown gall and to vegetative propagation. J. Heredity16: 313–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takhtajan, A. 1969. Flowering plants. Origin and dispersal. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uphof, J. C. 1968. Dictionary of economic plants, ed. 2. J. Cramer, Lehre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Der Lek, H. A. A. 1929. Over parasitaire uitwassen aan houtige planten. Tijdschr. Plantenziekten35: 25–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Larebeke, N. 1977. De identifikatie en Studie van een extra-chromosomal genetisch element dat bepalend is voor het tumor inducerend vermogen vanAgrobacterium tumefaciens. Een bijdrage tot de Studie van de tumorale transformatie van de cel. Proefschrift tot het verkrijgen van de graad van geaggregeerde in het hoger onderwijs. Rijksuniversiteit te Gent, Belgium.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Wijk, H. L. G. 1962. A dictionary of plant names. Vol. I, II. W. Asher & Co., Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, J. C. 1969. Plant pathology, ed. 3. McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, L. O. 1972. The taxonomy of the crown-gall organismAgrobacterium tumefaciens and its relationship toRhizobia and to otherAgrobacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol.72: 565–574.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaenen, I., N. Van Larebeke, H. Teuchy, M. Van Montagu andJ. Schell. 1974. Supercoiled circular DNA in crown gall inducingAgrobacterium strains. J. Molec. Biol.86: 109–127.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zander, R., R. Encke andG. Buchheim. 1972. Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen und ihre Erklärungen. 9 Auflage. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorium voor Plantenfysiologie, Rijksuniversiteit, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Gent, Belgium

    Marcel De Cleene

  2. Laboratorium voor Microbiologie en microbiële Genetica, Rijksuniversiteit, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Gent, Belgium

    Jozef De Ley

Authors
  1. Marcel De Cleene
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jozef De Ley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Reprints of this issue [47(2)] may be obtained from: Publications Office, The New York Botanical Garden. Bronx, NY 10458 USA. PRICE (includes postage and handling fee): U.S.ORDERS: $8.75. NON-U.S.ORDERS: $9.50. (Payment in U.S. currency drawn on a U.S. Bank. Thank you.)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

De Cleene, M., De Ley, J. The host range of infectious hairy-root. Bot. Rev 47, 147–194 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02868853

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02868853

Keywords

Search

Navigation