Skip to main content
Log in

Gametophytes of homosporous ferns

  • Published:
The Botanical Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literature Cited

  • Anonymous. 1910. Longevity of fern spores. The Garden74:63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armenise, V. 1959. Culture in vitro di prothalli diPhyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. Nouv. Giorn. Bot. Ital.66:236–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, G. F. 1894. The Study of the Biology of Ferns by the Collodion Method. Macmillan & Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, L. R. 1960a. A new germination pattern for the Hymenophyllaceae. Phytomorphology10:26–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1960b. The Schizaeaceae: The gametophyte ofMohria. Phytomorphology10:351–367.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1962. The Schizaeaceae: The gametophyte ofAnemia. Phytomorphology12:264–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1965a. The gametophyte ofCystodium. Amer. Fern Jour.55:32–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1965b.Schizaea pusilla, perennial gametophyte? Amer. Fern Jour.55:81–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1967. The gametophyte ofDiplazium. Phytomorphology17:99–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1970. Gametophyte ofTaenitis pinnata and development of the gametophytic plate inTaenitis blechnoides andSyngramma alismifolia. Phytomorphology20:40–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, &A. G. Stokey. 1964. Comparative morphology of the gametophyte of the homosporous ferns. Phytomorphology14:51–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajpai, N. 1964. Gametophyte morphology ofMerinthosorus Copel. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.43:549–555.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauke, H. 1876. Entwicklungsgeschichte des Prothalliens bei den Cyatheaceen. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.10:49–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1878a. Beitrage zur Keimungsgeschichte der Schizaeaceen. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.11:603–650.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1878b. Zur Kenntniss der sexuellen Generation bei den GattungenPlatycerium, Lygodium undGymnogramme. Bot. Zeit.36:753–760, 769–780.

    Google Scholar 

  • -. 1880. Aus dem botanischen Nachlasse von Bauke. Beilage zur Bot. Zeit.38:plates 1–6 (following page 440).

  • Beck, G. 1878. Entwicklungsgeschichte des prothalliums vonScolopendrium vulgare Sm. Bot. Zeit.36: 780.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, C. A. 1914. Branched cells in the prothallus ofOnoclea sensibilis L. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club41:617–620.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becquerel, P. 1931. Developpement de la fougre male en culture pure aseptique a partir de la spore. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris)192:1265–1268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, P. R. 1960. The morphology and cytology of sporogenesis ofTrichomanes proliferum Bl. New Phytol.59:53–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bierhorst, D. W. 1965. Older gametophytes and young sporophytes ofSchizaea melanesica. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club92:475–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1966. The fleshy cylindrical subterranean gametophyte ofSchizaea melanesica. Amer. Jour. Bot.53:123–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1967a. The gametophyte ofSchizaea dichotoma. Amer. Jour. Bot.54: 538–549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1967b. The morphological common denominator of the order Filicales: Psilotaceae, Stromatopteridaceae and Schizaeaceae. Amer. Jour. Bot.54: 651–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1968a. Observations onSchizaea andActinostachys spp. including A.oligostachys sp. nov. Amer. Jour. Bot.55:87–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1968b. On the Stromatopteridaceae (Fam. nov.) and on the Psilotaceae. Phytomorphology18:232–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bir, S. S. 1962. Taxonomy of the Indian members of the familyAspleniaceae. Bull. Bot. Surv. India4:1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bischoff, G. W. 1828. Die Bhizokarpen und Lycopodeen. Lief. 2. Nurnberg.

  • Blasdell, R. F. 1963. A monographic study of the fern genusCystopteris. Mem. Torrey Bot. Club41:1–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bower, F. O. 1888a. Preliminary note on the formation of gemmae inTrichomanes datum. Ann. Bot.1:183–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1888b. On the normal and abnormal development of the oophyte inTrichomanes. Ann. Bot.1:269–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1894. On apospory and production of gemmae inTrichomanes kaulfussii Hk. and Grev. Ann. Bot.8:465–468.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1910. Phylogeny of the Filicales—I:Phgiogyria. Ann. Bot.24:423–450.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1923. The Ferns. Vol. I. Univ. Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1926. The Ferns. Vol. II. Univ. Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1928. The Ferns. Vol. III. Univ. Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braithwaite, A. F. 1964. A new type of apogamy in ferns. New Phytol.63:293–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brebner, G. 1896. On the prothallus and embryo ofDanaea simplicifolia Rudge. Ann. Bot.10:109–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Britton, E. G. &A. A. Taylor. 1901. Life history ofSchizaea pusilla. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club28:1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1902. The life history ofVittaria lineata. Mem. Torrey Bot. Club8:185–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, D. F. M. 1964. A monographic study of the fern genusWoodsia. Nova Hedwigia16:1–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruchmann, H. 1904. Uber das Prothallium und der Keimpflanze vonOphioglossum vulgatum L. Bot. Zeit.62:227–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1906. Uber das Prothallium und die Sporenflanzen vonBotrychium lunaria Sw. Flora96:203–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burk, W. 1875a. Vorlaufige Mittheilung uber die Entwickelungsgeschichte des Prothalliums vonAneimia. Bot. Zeit.33:499–501.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1875b. Sur le developpement du Prothalle desAneimia, compare a celui des autres fougeres. Arch. Neerland. Sci. Exactes et Nat.10:417–442.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bussman, K. 1939. Untersuchungen uber die Induktion der Dorsiventralitat bei der Farnprothallien. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.87:565–624.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D. H. 1886. The development of the antheridium in ferns. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club13:49–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1887. The development of the ostrich fernOnoclea struthiopteris. Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.4:17–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1892. On the prothallium and embryo ofOsmunda claytoniana L. andO. cinnamomea L. Ann. Bot.6:49–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1894. Observations on the development ofMarattia Douglasii Baker. Ann. Bot.8:1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1895, 1905. The Structure and Development of Mosses and Ferns. Macmillan & Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1908. The prothallia ofKaulfussia andGleichenia. Ann. Jard. Bot. Buit., Ser. 2.8:69–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1909. The prothallia and embryo ofDanaea. Ann. Bot.23:691.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1911. Eusporangiatae. Macmillan & Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1914. The structure and affinities ofMacroglossum alidae Copeland. Ann. Bot.28:651–669.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1918. The Structure and Development of Mosses and Ferns. ed. III. Macmillan & Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1921. The gametophyte and embryo ofBotrychium obliquum Muhl. Ann. Bot.35:141–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1922. The gametophyte and embryo ofBotrychium simplex Hitch. Ann. Bot.36:441–455.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caruel, T. 1881. Systema novum Regni Vegetabilis. Nouv. Giorn. Bot. Ital.13: 217–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandra, P. 1963. The gametophytes ofLygodium circinnatum (Burm.) Sw. andL. flexuosum (L.) Sw. Curr. Sci.32:34–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • -. 1969. Morphological and Phylogenetical Studies on some Aspidiaceae. Ph.D. Thesis. Agra University.

  • —, &B. K. Nayar. 1968. Morphology of the edible fernAmpelopteris Kunze. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. ser. B.68:25–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1970. Morphology of some polystichoid ferns—I: The gametophytes ofArachniodes, Cyrtomium andPolystichum. Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc.63:265–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleby, H. &C. T. Druery. 1904. Longevity of fern spores. Gard. Chron.35:13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conard, H. S. 1908. The structure and life-history of the hayscented fern. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ.94:1–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conway, E. 1949. The autecology of Bracken [Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn]: The germination of the spore and the development of the prothallus and the young gametophyte. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. (B)63:325–342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Copeland, E. B. 1938. Genera Hymenophyllacearum. Philip. Jour. Sci.67:1–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1947. Genera Filicum. Chronica Botanica Co., Waltham, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • -, &F. A. Giaque. 1950. Life history of Ferns. Proc. 8th Internat. Sci. Congr., Stockholm. p. 848.

  • Cordus, V. 1561. Annotationes in Pedacii Diascoridis Anazarbei de medica materia libros. Rihelius Argentorati.

  • Davie, J. H. 1951. Development of antheridium in the Polypodiaceae. Amer. Jour. Bot.38:621–629.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davie, R. C. 1912. The structure and affinities ofPeranema andDiacalpe. Ann. Bot.26:245–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1916. The development of the sorus and the prothallus ofPeranema cyatheoides. Ann. Bot.30:107–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, B. D. 1965. Control mechanisms in the transition to biplanar growth in the gametophyte ofPteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. Ph.D. Thesis. Purdue University.

  • —, &S. N. Postlethwait. 1966. Growth ofPteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn gametophytes in submerged culture. Amer. Fern Jour.56:108–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Bary, A. 1878. Uber apogame Farne und die Erscheinung der Apogamie im Allgemeinen. Bot. Zeit.36:449–487.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Maggio, A. E. 1961. Morphogenetic studies on the fernTodea barbara (L.) Moore-I: Life history. Phytomorphology11:46–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Devi, S. 1966. Spore Morphology of Indian Ferns. Ph.D. Thesis. Agra University.

  • —, &B. K. Nayar. 1969. Spore morphology of Indian ferns—IX: Ophioglossaceae, Marattiaceae, Osmundaceae and Schizaeaceae. J. Sen Mem. Vol., pp. 209–222. ed. byH. Santapau et al., Bot. Soc. Bengal, Calcutta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dopp, W. 1927. Untersuchungen uber die Entwicklung von Prothallien einheimischer Polypodiaceen. Pflanzenforschung8:1–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1932. Die Apogamie beiAspidium remotum A. Br. Planta17:86–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1950. Eine die Antheridienbildung bei Farnen fordernde Substanz in den Prothallien vonPteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.63: 139–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1959. Uber eine hemmende und eine fordernde Substanz bei der Antheridienbildung in den Prothallien vonPteridium aquilinum. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.72:11–24.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Druery, C. T. 1885. Observations on a singular mode of development in the lady fernAthyrium filix-foemina. Jour. Linn. Soc. (Bot.)21:354–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1887. On a new instance of apospory inPolystichum angulare var.pulcherrimum Wills. Jour. Linn. Soc. (Bot.)22:437–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, R. E. 1941. Apogamy inDoodia caudata. Amer. Fern Jour.28:921–931.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1943. Origin and development of embryos in certain apogamous forms ofDryopteris. Bot. Gaz.105:202–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erdtman, G. 1957. Pollen & Spre Morphology and Plant Taxonomy. Almqvist and Wiksells, Uppsala, Sweden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faegri, K. 1934. Zur Kenntnis der Prothallien vonAthyrium crenatum undAsplenium marinum. Bergens Mus. Arbok Naturv. Nr. 12. Rekke1934(2):1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farlow, W. G. 1874a. An asexual growth from the prothallus ofPteris cretica. Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci.14:266–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1874b. Uber ungeschlechtliche Erzeugung von Keimpflanzchen an Farn-Prothallien. Bot. Zeit.32:180–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1889. Apospory inPteris aquilina. Ann. Bot.2:383–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farmer, J. B. 1892. On the embryogeny ofAngiopteris evecta. Ann. Bot.6: 265–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, &L. Digby. 1907. Studies in apospory and apogamy in ferns. Ann. Bot.21:161–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrar, D. R. 1967. Gametophytes of four tropical fern genera reproducing independently of their sporophytes in the Southern Appalachians. Science155: 1266–1267.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • —, &W. H. Wagner, Jr. 1968. The gametophyte ofTrichomanes holoptilum Kunze. Bot. Gaz.129:210–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fée, A. L. A. 1852. Genera Filicum. Berger-Levrault, Strasbourg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, H. 1911. Wasserkulturen von Farnprothallien, mit Bemerkungen uber die Bedingungen der Sporenkeimung. Beih. Bot. Centralbl.27:54–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freer, R. S. 1926. Notes on the development of the gametophyte and embryo ofAsplenium angustifolium. Ohio Jour. Sci.26:147–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gantt, E. &H. J. Arnott. 1965. Spore germination and development of the young gametophyte of the ostrich fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris). Amer. Jour. Bot.52:82–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Georgevitch, P. 1910a. Preliminary note on apospory and apogamy inTrichomanes kaulfussii Hk. and Grev. Ann. Bot.24:233–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1910b. Aposporie und Apogamie beiTrichomanes kaulfussii Hk. and Grev. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.48:155–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerhardt, E. 1927. Untersuchungen uber die Vorkeimentwicklung einiger einheimischer Farne. Diss. Marburg.

  • Giaque, M. E. A. 1949. Wax glands and prothallia. Amer. Fern Jour.39:33–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giessenhagen, K. 1890. Die Hymenophyllaceen. Flora73:411–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goebel, K. 1877. Entwicklungsgeschichte des Prothalliums vonGymnogramme leptophylla Desv. Bot. Zeit.35:671–678, 681–694, 697–711.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1888. Morphologische und biologische Studien—II. Zur Keimungsgeschichte einiger Farne. Ann. Jard. Bot. Buit.7:74–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1892. Archegoniatenstudien uber die Geschlechtesgeneration der Hymenophyllaceae. Flora76:92–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1905. Organography of Plants, Vol. II. 2nd English Ed. (Transl. I. B. Balfour). University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1912. Archegoniatenstudien—XIV.Loxsoma und das System der Farne. Flora105:33–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1918. Organographie der Pflanzen—II. Aufl. Tiel ii. Gustav Fischer, Jena.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1930. Organographie der Pflanzen, Bd. II. 3rd Ed. Gustav Fischer, Jena.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grew, N. 1672. The Anatomy of Vegetables. Hickman, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagenah, D. J. 1961. Spore studies in the genus Cystopteris—I: The distribution ofCystopteris with non-spiny spores in North America. Rhodora63:181–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harms, W. F. 1955. A Manual of Spores of New Zealand Pteridophyta. New Zealand Dep. Sci. Industr. Res. Bull. no.116. Wellington, New Zealand.

  • Hartman, M. E. 1931. Antheridial dehiscence in the Polypodiaceae. Bot. Gaz.91:252–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartt, C. E. 1925. Conditions for germination of spores ofOnoclea sensibilis. Bot. Gaz.79:427–440.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haupt, A. W. 1940. Sex organs ofAngiopteris evecta. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club67: 125–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heilbronn, A. 1910. Apogamie, Bastardierung und Erblichkeitsverhaltnisse bei einigen Farnen. Flora101:1–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1932. Diploid prothallia from spores of tetraploidPolypodium aureum. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.50:289–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heim, C. 1896. Untersuchungen uber Farnprothallien. Flora82:329–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hennipman, E. 1966.Pteridoblechnum, a new genus of blechnoid ferns from Australasia. Blumea13:397–403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hevly, R. H. 1963. Adaptations of cheilanthoid ferns to desert environments. Jour. Arizona Acad. Sci.2:164–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmeister, W. 1862. On the germination, development and fructification of the higher Cryptogamia. English Transl. by F. Curry. Ray Society Publ.

  • Holloway, J. E. 1923. Studies in the New Zealand Hymenophyllaceae. Trans. New Zealand Inst.54:577–618.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1930. The experimental cultivation of the gametophytes ofHymenophyllum pulcherrimum Col. andTrichomanes reniforme Forst. Ann. Bot.44: 269–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1944. The gametophyte, embryo and developing sporophyte ofCardiomanes reniforme (Forst.) Presl. Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand74:196–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holttum, R. E. 1949. The classification of ferns. Biol. Rev.24:267–296.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1959. Schizaeaceae. Flora Malesiana, ser. II.1:37–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurel-Py, G. 1943. Sur la culture indefinie du gametophyte deNephrolepis cordifolia. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris)216:741–742.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1950. Recherches preliminaires sur la culture aseptique des prothalles de Filicinees. Rev. Gen. Bot.57:637–681, 690–736.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janczewski, E. &J. Rostafinski. 1875. Note sur la prothalle de 1’Hymenophyllum tunbridgense. Mem. Soc. Nat. Sci. Natur. Cherbourg.19:89–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Javalgekar, S. R. 1960. Sporogenesis and prothallial development inCeratopteris thalictroides. Bot. Gaz.122:45–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, &T. S. Mahabale. 1959. Germination of spores and prothalli in two species ofNephrolepis, N. exaltata Schott andN. acuta Presl. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India25:333–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeffrey, E. C. 1896. The gametophyte ofBotrychium virginianum. Trans. Can. Inst.5:265–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonkman, H. F. 1878. Uber die Entwicklungsgeschichte des Prothalliums des Marattiaceen. Bot. Zeit.36:129–136, 145–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1880. La generation sexuee des Marattiacees. Arch. Neerland.15: 198–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jung, R. 1927. Entwicklungsgeschichte Untersuchungen uberMetzgeria und einige Farnvorkeim. Diss. Marburg.

  • Kachroo, P. 1955a. Studies in Davalliaceae—I. Morphology ofLeucostegia immersa (Wall.) Presl. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.34:11–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1955b. The gametophyte ofPyrrosia adnascens Sw. Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal9:44–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1955c. Gametophytes ofBlechnum orientale L. andBlechnum spp. Sci. & Cult.20:402–403.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1956. Gametophytes ofTectaria variolosa andT. fuscipes. Sci. & Cult.22:103–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1963. Observations on certain aspects of the development of the gametophyte ofCyclosorus molliusculus (Wall.) Ching. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.42:190–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, &B. K. Nayar. 1952. Morphology of Adiantum—I: Observations on A.aethiopicum L. Jour. Univ. Gauhati3:163–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1953. Studies in Pteridaceae—I: Observations on gametophytes of some species ofAdiantum. Phytomorphology3:240–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karpowicz, W. 1927. Studien uber die Entwicklung der Prothallien und der ersten sporophytblatter der einheimischen Farnkrauter (Polypodiaceae). Bull. Internat. Acad. Polon. Sci. et Lettr. Ser. B.1:1–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1963. Paprocie na serpentynitach w polsce. Fragm. Flor. et Geobot.9: 35–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaulfuss, G. F. 1827. Das Wesen der Farnkrauter, besonders ihrer Fruchttheile, zugleich mit Rucksicht auf systematische Anordnung betrachtet. Erste Halfe, Leipzig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaur, S. 1961. Gametophyte ofAnemia phyllitidis (L.) Swartz. Sci. & Cult.27: 347–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • -. 1962. Morphological and Anatomical Investigations on Ferns:Bolbitis,Egenolfia and Related Ferns. Ph.D. Thesis. Agra University.

  • —. 1963. Gametophyte ofCystopteris fragilis. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci.58: 148–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawasaki, T. 1956. Studies on sexual generation of ferns. Jour. Jap. Bot.31: 139–143, 333–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1957. Studies on the sexual generation of ferns. Jour. Jap. Bot.32: 177–184, 332–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1959. Studies on the sexual generation of ferns. Jour. Jap. Bot.34: 86–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, L. 1881. Bau und Verzweigung einiger dorsiventral Polypodiaceen. Nova Acta K. Leop-Carol. Deut. Akad. Naturf.42:333–396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klekowski, E. J. Jr. 1969. Reproductive biology of the Pteridophyta, II. Theoretical considerations. Jour. Linn. Soc. (Bot.)62:347–359.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1970a. Reproductive biology of the Pteridophyta, IV. An experimental study of mating systems inCeratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. Bot. Journ. Linn. Soc.63:153–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1970b. Evidence against self-incompatability and for genetic lethals in the fernStenochlaena tenuifolia (Desv.) Moore. Bot. Journ. Linn. Soc.63: 171–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knobloch, I. W. 1969. The spore pattern in some species ofCheilanthes. Amer. Jour. Bot.56:646–653.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kny, L. 1869. Uber den Bau und die Entwicklung des Farrn-Antheridiums. Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss, Acad. Wiss. Berlin.1869:416–431.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1872. Beitrage zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Farnkrauter—I: Entwicklung des Vorkeimes vonOsmunda regalis L. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.8:1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1875. Die Entwickelung der Parkeriaceen dergesteltt anCeratopteris thalictroides Brongn. Nova Acta K. Leop.-Carol. Deut. Akad. Naturf.37: 1–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1895. Entwickelung vonAspidium Filix-mas Sw. Bot. Wandt.9: 411–438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laage, A. 1907. Bedingungen der Keimung von Farne—und Moossporen. Beih. Bot. Centralbl.21:76–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lagerberg, T. 1907. Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte desPteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. Arkiv. Bot.6:1–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1908. Morphogische-biologische Bemerkungen uber die Gametophyten einiger Schweidischer Farne. Svensk. Bot. Tidskr.2:229–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lampa, E. 1901. Uber die Entwicklung einiger Farnprothallien. S. B. Akad. Wiss. Wien.110:95–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang, W. H. 1898. On apogamy and the development of sporangia upon fern prothallia. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London B.190:187–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1902. On the prothalli ofOphioglossum pendulum andHelminthostachys zeylanica. Ann. Bot.16:23–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1914. Studies in the morphology and anatomy of the Ophioglossaceae—II: On the embryo ofHelminthostachys. Ann. Bot.28:19–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leitgeb, H. 1885. Die Sprossbildung an apogamen Farnprothallien. Ber. Deut. Bot. Gese.3:169–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Life, A. C. 1907. Effect of light upon the germination of spores and gametophytes of ferns. Ann. Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard.18:109–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay, J. 1794. Account on the germination and raising of ferns from the seed. Trans. Linn. Soc. London2:93–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loyal, D. S. 1960. Some observations on the gametophyte ofHypodematium crenatum (Forsk.) Kuhn, with a note on the phyletic affinities. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.39:133–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luerssen, C. 1874. Zur Keimungsgeschichte der Osmundaceen, vorzuglich der GattungTodea Willd. Mitt. Gesammtg. Bot.1:460–477.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1875. Uber die Entwicklungsgeschichte des Marattiaceen Vorkeims. Bot. Zeit.33:535–547.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahabale, T. S. 1947. Prothalli ofGymnopteris variabilis Bedd. var.lanceolata. Proc. 34th Indian Sci. Congr.III:152.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1948. Prothalli ofCeratopteris thalictroides. Bot. Gaz.109:349–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, &N. D’Almeida. 1953. Gametophyte and anatomy of two species ofDavallia. Proc. 40th Indian Sci. Congr.III:85.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, &S. R. Javalgekar. 1949. Germination of spores and prothalli ofNephrolepis. Proc. 36th Indian Sci. Congr.III:126.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1950. Germination of spores and adult prothalli in culture ofCeratopteris thalictroides Brongn. Proc. 37th Indian Sci. Congr.III:42.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1959. On a tuberiferous species ofNephrolepis, N. paucifrondosa d’Almeida. Jour. Univ. Bombay27:43–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, &N. Kulkarni. 1949. Prothallus ofLygodium flexuosum Bedd. Proc. 36th Indian Sci. Congr.III:124.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1950. Prothalli ofLygodium japonicum Sw. andAneimia rotundifolia Schrad. Proc. 37th Indian Sci. Congr.III:41.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, &J. J. Shah. 1949. Prothalli ofCheilanthes farinosa Kaulf. andC. tenuifolia Sm. Proc. 36th Indian Sci. Congr.III:125.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, &S. Venkateswaran. 1959. Studies on the Polypodiaceae of Bombay: Morphology ofPleocnemia membranifolia Presl. Jour. Univ. Bombay27:30–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malpighi, M. 1675. Anatomie Plantarum. Martyn, Londini.

  • Manton, I. 1950. Problems of Cytology and Evolution in the Pteridophyta. Univ. Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehra, P. N. 1932. Some physiological investigations of fern prothalli under cultural conditions. Curr. Sci.1:171–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1938a. Apogamy inAdiantum lunulatum Burm.—Pt. I. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci.8:192–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1938b. Apogamy inPteris hiaurita L. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci.8:202–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1949. Some observations on the prothallus ofDiplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.28:28–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, &S. S. Bir. 1960. Cytological observations onAsplenium cheilosorum Kze. Cytologia25:17–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mettenius, G. 1856a. Filices Horti Botanici Lipsiensis. Voss, Leipzig.

    Google Scholar 

  • -. 1856b. Filices Lechlerianae, Chilenses a c peruanae. Leipzig.

  • —. 1864. Uber die Hymenophyllaceen. Abhandl. Maths-Phys. Klasse Konigl. Sachs. Ges. Wiss.7:401–501.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. H. 1968. Fern gametophytes as experimental material. Bot. Rev.34: 361–440.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mittra, D. &U. Sen. 1969. The gametophyte and young sporophyte ofAmpelopteris prolifera. Can. Jour. Bot.47:1953–1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Momose, S. 1937. Studies on the gametophytes of ferns: On the prothallial development and prothallium ofDryopteris varia O. Ktze. Jour. Jap. Bot.13: 113–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1938a. Studies on the gametophytes of ferns: On the prothallium ofDiplazium thunbergi Nakai andD. latifolia Moore. Jour. Jap. Bot.14:43–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1938b. Studies on the gametophytes of ferns: On the prothallium of eudryopteroid ferns. Jour. Jap. Bot.14:445–453.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1939. Studies on the gametophytes of ferns: Further observations on the prothallium of eudryopteroid ferns. Jour. Jap. Bot.15:280–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1941a. Studies on the gametophytes of ferns. Jour. Jap. Bot.17:35–51, 96–114, 284–297.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1941b. Studies on the gametophytes of ferns: On the prothallium of some species ofAsplenium and allied genera. Jour. Jap. Bot.17:383–393, 587–597.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1942. Studies on the gametophytes of ferns. Jour. Jap. Bot.18:49–65, 139–152, 189–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1949. On the prothalllium ofLygodium andAneimia. Jour. Jap. Bot.24:128–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1958a. The antheridial area of the foliate type prothallium in ferns. Jour. Jap. Bot.33:1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1958b. Prothallia of Onocleoid ferns. Jour. Jap. Bot.33:289–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1959–1962. The prothallia of Aspleniaceae—I–IX. Jour. Jap. Bot.34: 231–238, 293–302;35:47-54, 229–235, 315–320, 321–326;36:33–40, 153–163;37:169–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1967. Prothallia of Japanese Ferns. Univ. Tokyo Press, Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1968. Prothallia of the ferns from Thailand. South-east Asian Studies6:73–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Momose, T. 1964a. The prothallus ofCeratopteris. Jour. Jap. Bot.39:225–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1964b. The prothallus ofCryptogramma group of ferns. Jour. Jap. Bot.39:305–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1965a. Miscellaneous notes in gametophytic studies of ferns. Jour. Jap. Bot.40:12–18, 48–54, 303–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1965b. Prothallia of some ferns from the Galapagos Islands. Jour. Jap. Bot.40:140–147, 277–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morison, R. 1699. Plantarum Historiae Universalis Oxoniensis Pars Tertia, Post Auctoris Mortem Expleta et Absoluta a jacobo Bobartio. Theatro Scheldoniano, Oxonii.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naf, U. 1956. The demonstration of a factor concerned with the initiation of antheridia in polypodiaceous ferns. Growth20:91–105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1959. Control of antheridium formation in the fern speciesAnemia phyllitidis. Nature184:798–800.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1960. On the control of antheridium formation in the fern speciesLygodium japonicum. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.105:82–86.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1961. On the physiology of antheridium formation in ferns.In: “Plant Growth Regulation,” ed. byR. M. Klein et al., Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames. pp. 709–723.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1965. On antheridial metabolism in the fern speciesOnoclea sensibilis. Plant Physiol.40:888–890.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagai, I. 1914. Physiologische Untersuchungen uber Farnprothallien. Flora n. f.6:281–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1915. On the influence of nutrition upon the development of sexual organs in the fern prothallia. Jour. Coll. Agric. Univ. Tokyo6:112–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakai, T. 1933. An observation on the gametophyte ofCheiropleuria bicuspis var.integrifolia. Bot. Mag. Tokyo47:1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakazawa, S. 1960. Cytodifferentiation patterns ofDryopteris protonema modified by some chemical agents. Cytologia25:352–361.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, &T. Ootaki. 1962. A prepattern to the papilla differentiation inDryopteris gametophyte. Phyton (Buenos Aires)18:113–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nayar, B. K. 1954. Studies in Polypodiaceae—II: Contributions to the morphology ofPseudodrynaria coronans (Wall.) C. Chr. Phytomorphology4:379–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1955. The Gymnogrammoid and the Pleopeltoid Ferns: A summary. Jour. Univ. Gauhati6:47–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1956a. Studies in Pteridaceae—II:Hemionitis Linn. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.35:333–343.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1956b. Correlation between gametophytic and sporophytic trichomes in ferns. Sci. & Cult.21:455–457.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1957. Studies in Polypodiaceae—IV:Drymoglossum Pres1. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.36:169–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1958. Studies in Polypodiaceae—VII: Further observations on the morphology ofDrynaria Bory. Jour. Univ. Gauhati9:95–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • -. 1959. Investigations on the Morphology and Phylogeny of the Gymnogrammoideae and Pleopeltidae. D. Phil. Thesis. Gauhati University.

  • —. 1960a. Morphology of the gametophyte ofQuercifilix Copeland. Lloydia23:102–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1960b. Morphology of two Indian species ofBolbitis. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.39:259–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1960c. Studies in Pteridaceae—III: Morphology of the spores, prothalli and juvenile sporophytes ofDoryopteris J. Sm. Curr. Sci.29:380–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1960d. The gametophyte and young sporophyte ofAthyrium esculentum (Retz.) Copel. Amer. Fern Journ.50:194–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1961a. Studies in Polypodiaceae—VIII: Morphology of the gametophyte ofLepisorus excavatus (Bory) Ching. Sci. & Cult.27:345–347.

    Google Scholar 

  • -. 1961b. Ferns of India—I:Adiantum L. Bull. Natl. Bot. Gards. no.52: 1–42.

  • —. 1961c. Studies in Polypodiaceae—VII:Pyrrosia. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.40:164–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • -. 1961d. Ferns of India—II:Drynaria andPseudodrynaria. Bull. Natl. Bot. Gards. no.56:1-30.

  • —. 1961e. Morphology of the gametophyte and young sporophyte ofMatteuccia orientalis (Hook.) Trev. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.40:502–510.

    Google Scholar 

  • -. 1961f. Ferns of India—III:Microsorium. Bull. Natl. Bot. Gards. no.58:1-38.

  • —. 1962a. Gametophytes of some species ofBlechnum. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.41:33–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1962b. Morphology of spores and prothalli of some species of Polypodiaceae. Bot. Gaz.123:223–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1962c. Studies in Pteridaceae—V: Contributions to the morphology of some species of the maidenhair ferns. Jour. Linn. Soc. (Bot.)58:185–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1962d. Morphology of the gametophyte ofConiogramme fraxinea. Curr. Sci.31:522–524.

    Google Scholar 

  • -. 1962e. Ferns of India—V:Hemionitis. Bull. Natl. Bot. Gards. no.67: 1–14.

  • -. 1962f. Ferns of India—VI:Cheilanthes. Bull. Natl. Bot. Gards. no.68: 1–36.

  • —. 1963a. Contributions to the morphology of some species ofMicrosorium. Ann. Bot. N.S.27:89–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1963b. Contributions to the morphology ofLeptochilus andParaleptochilus. Amer. Jour. Bot.50:301–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1963c. Morphology of some species ofCheilanthes. Jour. Linn. Soc. (Bot.)58:449–460.

    Google Scholar 

  • -. 1963d. Ferns of India—VII:Actiniopteris. Bull. Natl. Bot. Gards. no.75:1-14.

  • —. 1963e. Spore morphology ofLoxogramme. Grana Palynol.4:388–392.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1964a. Palynology of modern Pteridophyta.In: “Advances in Palynology,” ed. byP. K. K. Nair, Natl. Bot. Gards., Lucknow.

    Google Scholar 

  • -. 1964b. Ferns of India—XIV:Lemmaphyllum. Bull. Natl. Bot. Gards. no.106:1-15.

  • — 1964c. Some aspects of the morphology ofPityrogramma calomelanos andP. chrysophylla. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.43:203–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1965. Gametophytes and juvenile leaves of drynarioid ferns. Bot. Gaz.126:46–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1967a. Morphology of spores and prothallus ofChristiopteris tricuspis. Amer. Fern Jour.57:15–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1967b. The gametophyte and juvenile leaves ofLoxogramme. Amer. Fern Jour.57:124–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1968a. The prothallus ofMatteuccia pennsylvanica. Brit. Fern Gaz.10:26–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1968b. A comparative study of the spore morphology ofCeratopteris, Anemia andMohria. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.47:246–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1970. A phylogenetic classification of the homosporous ferns. Taxon19:229–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1971. Classification of the homosporous ferns.In: “Companion to Beddome’s Handbook to the Ferns of British India, Ceylon and Malay Peninsula,” byB. K. Nayar &S. Kaur. Chronica Botanica, New Delhi.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, &N. Bajpai. 1964. Morphology of the gametophytes of some species ofPellaea andNotholaena. Jour. Linn. Soc. (Bot.)59:63–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1970. A reinvestigation of the morphology ofHypodematium crenatum. Amer. Fern Jour.60:107–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, &P. Chandra. 1963. Observations on the morphology of the gametophyte ofCyclosorus. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.42:392–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1965. The gametophytes of some species ofLastrea Bory. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.44:84–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1966. The occurrence of tetrahedral spores in a species ofLastrea (Thelypteridaceae). Palyn. Bull.2:92–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • -, &S. Chandra. 1965. Ferns of India—XV:Pyrrosia Mirbel. Bull. Natl. Bot. Gards. no.117:1-98.

  • ——. 1967. Morphological series in the genusPyrrosia and their phylogenetic interpretation. Can. Jour. Bot.45:615–634.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, &S. Devi. 1963. Spore morphology of some Japanese Aspidiaceae. Pollen et Spores5:354–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1964a. Spore morphology of Indian ferns—I: Aspidiaceae. Grana Palynol.5:80–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1964b. Spore morphology of Indian ferns—II: Aspleniaceae and Blechnaceae. Grana Palynol.5:222–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1964c. Spore morphology of Indian ferns—III: Polypodiaceae. Grana Palynol.5:342–395.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1965. Spore morphology of Indian ferns—IV: Grammitidaceae. Grana Palynol.6:121–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1966. Spore morphology of the Pteridaceae—I: The pteridoid ferns. Grana Palynol.6:476–502.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1967. Spore morphology of the Pteridaceae—II: The gymnogrammoid ferns. Grana Palynol.7:568–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1968. Spore morphology of the Pteridaceae—III: The dicksonioid, dennstaedtioid and lindsayoid ferns. Grana Palynol.8:158–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, &P. Kachroo. 1953. Studies in Polypodiaceae—I: Contributions to the morphology ofDrynaria Bory;D. quercifolia (L.) J. Sm. andD. propinqua (Wall.) J. Sm. Phytomorphology3:411–423.

    Google Scholar 

  • -, &S. Kaur. 1963a. Ferns of India—VIII:Microlepia Presl. Bull. Natl. Bot. Gards.no.79:1-25.

  • —. 1963b. Contributions to the morphology of some species ofMicrolepia. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.42:225–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • -, & -. 1963c. Ferns of India—IX:Peranema andAcrophorus. Bull. Natl. Bot. Gards. no.81:1-40.

  • ——. 1963d. Spore morphology of some Indian members of the Lomariopsidaceae. Pollen et Spores.5:87–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • -, & -. 1964a. Ferns of India—XI:Bolbitis. Bull. Natl. Bot. Gards. no.88:1-74.

  • -, & -. 1964b. Ferns of India—XIII:Egenolfia. Bull. Natl. Bot. Gards. no.100:1-38.

  • ——. 1964c. Contributions to the morphology ofTectaria: The spores, prothalli and juvenile sporophytes. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club91:95–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1965a. Studies on the fern generaBolbitis and Egenolfia—II: The gametophytes and the juvenile sporophytes. Jour. Linn. Soc. (Bot.)59:141–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1965b. Spore morphology of the Lomariopsidaceae. Jour. Palynol.1:10–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1966. On the fern generaAcrophorus, Diacalpe, Lithostegia andPeranema. Bot. Not.119:1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1968. Spore germination in homosporous ferns. Jour. Palynol.4:1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1969a. Morphology of some species ofSchizoloma Gaud. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.48:30–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1969b. A reinvestigation of the morphology of the gametophyte and juvenile sporophyte ofCeratopteris thalictroides. Can. Jour. Bot.47:395–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1969c. Types of prothallial development in homosporous ferns. Phytomorphology19:179–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • -, &F. Kazmi. 1962a. Ferns of India—IV:Plagiogyria. Bull. Natl. Bot. Gards. no.64:1-36.

  • ——. 1962b. Morphology of the spores and prothalli of five species ofPlagiogyria. Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal16:3–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • -, & -. 1963. Ferns of India—X:Matteuccia. Bull. Natl. Bot. Gards. no.82:1-16.

  • ——. 1964. Gametophyte ofAcrostichum aureum L. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci.59:185–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, &F. Raza. 1970. Morphology of the prothalli of some species of the Polypodiaceae—II:Lepisorus loriformis, L. thunbergianus, Polypodium vulgare andWeatherbya accedens. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.49:81–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,N. Bajpai &S. Chandra. 1967. Contributions to the morphology of the fern genusOleandra. Jour. Linn. Soc. (Bot.)60:265–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ——, &F. Raza. 1966. Morphological studies on some species ofBlechnum, Doodia, Woodwardia and Stenochlaena—I: The gametophytes and juvenile sporophytes. Jour. Linn. Soc. (Bot.)59:405–423.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,S. Kaur &N. Bajpai. 1967. Morphological studies onHistiopteris andHypolepis. Bot. Not.120:177–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——, &P. Chandra. 1968. The prothallus ofPolystichum. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci.49:198–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,F. Raza &P. Lata. 1968. Morphology of the prothalli of some Indian spleenworts. Phytomorphology18:240–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishida, M. 1955. The morphology of gametophyte, young sporophyte and systematic position ofBotrychium japonicum. Phytomorphology5:449–456.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1962. Systematic position ofCeratopteris thalictroides Jour. Jap. Bot.37:193–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1965. Types of spore germination in the ferns. Jour. Jap. Bot.40: 161–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, &T. Sakuma. 1961. Abnormalities in archegonia of the fern prothallia and its bearing to systematics. Jour. Jap. Bot.36:142–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nozu, Y. 1954. The gametophyte and sporophyte ofBotrychium japonicum Und. Phytomorphology4:430–434.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1956. Notes on gametophyte and young sporophyte ofAngiopteris suboppositifolia de Vries. Bot. Mag. Tokyo69:474–480.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1958. The gametophyte ofHelminthostachys zeylanica Hooker (preliminary report). Phytomorphology8:73–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1961. The gametophyte ofHelminthostachys zeylanica andOphioglossum vulgatum. Phytomorphology11:199–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orth, R. 1936. Morphologische und physiologische Untersuchungen an Farnprothallien. Planta25:104–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pal, N. &S. Pal. 1960. Studies in the gametophytic generation inPhymatodes scohpendria (Burm.) Ching andP. banerjiana Pal & Pal. Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal14:82–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1962. The gametophyte ofMicrosorium punctatum (L.) Copel. Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal16:40–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1963. Studies on morphology and affinity of the Parkeriaceae—II: Sporogenesis, development of the gametophyte and cytology ofCeratopteris thalictroides. Bot. Gaz.124:405–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pal, S. 1962. The prothallus ofPhymatodes nigrescens (Bl.) J. Sm. Jour. Asiatic Soc.4:151–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panigrahi, G. 1955. The gametophyte ofAleuritopteris grisea (Blanford) comb. nov. Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India21:143–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickett, F. L. 1914. The development of the prothallia ofCamptosorus rhizophyllus. Bot. Gaz.57:228–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, &M. E. Manuel. 1925. Development of prothallium and apogamous embryo inPellaea glabella Mett. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club52:507–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, &L. A. Thayer. 1927. The gametophytic development of certain ferns:Polypodium vulgare var.occidentale andPellaea densa. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club54:249–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phantl, K. 1875. Untersuchungen zur Morphologie der Gefasskryptogamen—I: Die Hymenophyllaceen. Engelmann, Leipzig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pray, T. R. 1961. Developmental studies of certain features of cheilanthoid ferns. Carnegie Inst. Washington Year Book60, 1960–1961:386–388.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1968. The gametophytes ofPellaea, SectionPellaea: Dark stiped series. Phytomorphology18:113–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Presl, C. B. 1843. Hymenophyllaceae. Abhandl. Konigl. bohm. Ges. Wiss. ser. 5.3:93–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pringle, R. B. 1961. Chemical nature of antheridogen—A, a specific inducer of the male sex organ in certain fern species. Science133:284.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Proskauer, J. 1963.Riccia tuberosa Taylor =Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link, or on the importance of being bryophytic. Maheshwari Commemoration Vol., Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.42A:185–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao, A. R. 1949. The prothallus ofHemionitis arifolia Sm. Curr. Sci.18:349–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rauwenhoff, N. W. P. 1890. La generation sexuee des Gleicheniacees. Arch. Neerl.24:157–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed, H. S. 1907. The value of certain nutritive elements to the plant cell. Ann. Bot.21:501–543.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, L. M. 1923. Development of the prothallus ofLygodium palmatum. Bot. Gaz.75:75–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, J. 1868. Lehrbuch der Botanik. Engelmann, Leipzig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarbadhikari, P. C. 1927. Cytology ofOsmunda and Doodia—II: On the gametophyte and post meiotic mitosis in the gametophytic tissue ofDoodia. Ann. Bot.41:1–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1939. Cytology of apogamy and apospory inOsmunda javanica Bl. Ann. Bot. N. S.3:137–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sasaki, S. 1928. Discovery of gametophyte ofArchangiopteris Somai. Bot. Mag.42:233–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlumberger, O. 1911. Familienmerkmale der Cyatheaceen und Polypodiaceen, und die Beziehungen der GattungWoodsia und verwandter Arten zu beiden Famillien. Flora102:383–414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmelzeisen, W. 1933. Beitrage zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Prothallien einiger Marattiaceen, Cyatheaceen und Polypodiaceen. Flora27:46–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schraudolf, H. 1963. Einige Beobachtungen zur Entwicklung der Antheridien vonAnemia phyllitidis. Flora153:282–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1967. Die Steuerung der Antheridienbildung inPolypodium crassifolium L. (Pessopteris crassifolia Underw. and Maxon) durch Licht. Planta76:37–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schumann, E. 1915. Die Acrosticheen und ihre Stellung im System der Farne. Flora108:210–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selling, O. H. 1946. Studies in Hawaiian Pollen Statistics—I: The spores of the Hawaiian Pteridophytes. Bishop Mus. Spec. Publ. No.37:1-87.

  • Sobota, A. E. &C. R. Partanen. 1967. The growth and division of cells in relation to morphogenesis in fern gametophytes—II: The effect of biochemical agents on the growth and development ofPteridium aquilinum. Can. Jour. Bot.45:595–603.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sossountzov, I. 1954. Action du glycocolle sur le developpement des colonies prothalliennes deGymnogramme calomelanos, Filicinee Polypodiacee—II: Morphologie generale, sexualite et dimentions des prothalles constitutifs des colonies prothalliennes. Physiol. Plantarum7:1–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1957a. Le developpement des prothalles deGymnogramme calomelanos (Filicinee, Polypodiacee) en presence de concentrations variables en phosphore. Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol.151:1713–1716.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1957b. Le developpement des colonies prothalliennes deGymnogramme calomelanos (Filicinee, Polypodiacee) en presence de methylamine comme seule source d’azote. Phyton (Buenos Aires)8:79–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava, P. 1968. Morphology of the spores and the prothalli ofTectaria amplifolia (v. A. v. R.) Christensen. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India34B:262–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steeves, T. A., I. M. Sussex &C. R. Partanen. 1955. In vitro studies on abnormal growth of the prothalli of the bracken fern. Amer. Jour. Bot.42:232–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steil, W. N. 1933. New cases of apogamy in certain homosporous leptosporangiate ferns. Bot. Gaz.95:164–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1934. The archegonia ofPellaea viridis (Forsk.) Prantl. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club61:7–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1939. Apogamy, apospory and parthenogenesis in the pteridophytes. Bot. Rev.5:433–453.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1951. Apogamy, apospory and parthenogenesis in the pteridophytes—II. Bot. Rev.17:90–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1952. Reproduction inNephrolepis cordifolia. Amer. Fern Jour.42: 86–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson, B. G. 1907. Young stages ofDicksonia andCyathea. Trans. Proc. New Zealand Inst.40:1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stokey, A. G. 1918. Apogamy in the Cyatheaceae. Bot. Gaz.45:97–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1930. Prothallia of the Cyatheaceae. Bot. Gaz.90:1–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1940. Spore germination and vegetative stages of the gametophyte ofHymenophyllum andTrichomanes. Bot. Gaz.101:759–790.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1942. Gametophytes ofMarattia sambucina andMacroglossum smithii. Bot. Gaz.103:559–569.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1945. The gametophyte ofDipteris conjugate. Bot. Gaz.106:402–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1948a. Reproductive structures of the gametophytes ofHymenophyllum andTrichomanes. Bot. Gaz.109:363–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1948b. The gametophyte ofActiniopteris australis (L. fil.) Link. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc.27:40–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1950. The gametophyte of the Gleicheniaceae. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club77:323–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1951. The contribution by the gametophyte to the classification of the homosporous ferns. Phytomorphology1:39–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1959.Polypodium pectinatum andP. plumula—Polypodiaceae or Grammitidaceae? Amer. Fern Jour.49:142–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1960. Multicellular and branched hairs on the fern gametophyte. Amer. Fern Jour.50:78–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, &L. R. Atkinson. 1952a. The gametophyte ofStenochlaena palustris (Burm.) Bedd. Phytomorphology2:1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1952b. The gametophyte ofBlechnum spicant (L.) Wither andBlechnum buchtienii Rosenst. Phytomorphology2:9–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1952c. The gametophyte ofAcrostichum speciosum Willd. Phytomorphology2:105–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1952d. The gametophyte and young sporophyte ofMatonia pectinata R. Br. Phytomorphology2:138–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1954a. The gametophyte of five species ofPlatycerium. Phytomorphology4:165–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1954b. The gametophyte ofCheiropleuria bicuspis (Bl.) Presl. Phytomorphology4:192–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1954c. The gametophyte ofDidymochlaena sinuata Desv. Phytomorphology4:310–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1956a. The gametophyte of the Osmundaceae. Phytomorphology6:19–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1956b. The gametophytes ofPlagiogyria glauca (Bl.) Mett. andP. semicordata (Pr.) Christ. Phytomorphology6:239–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1956c. The gametophyte ofLoxsoma cunninghami R. Br. andLoxsomopsis costaricensis Christ. Phytomorphology6:249–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1957. The gametophyte of some American species ofElaphoglossum andRhipidopteris. Phytomorphology7:275–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1958. The gametophyte of the Grammitidaceae. Phytomorphology8:391–403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, I. G. 1958. The gametophyte and embryo ofPolyphlebium venosum (R. Br.) Copeland (Hymenophyllaceae). Austr. Jour. Bot.6:183–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1960. Observations on the gametophytes ofGrammitis billardieri Willd. andCtenopteris heterophylla (Labill.) Tindale (Grammitidaceae). Austr. Jour. Bot.8:11–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1961. The gametophytes of the Victorian Blechnaceae—I.Blechnum nudum (Labill.) Luerss. Austr. Jour. Bot.9:120–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1962. The ontogeny of the antheridium in some leptosporangiate ferns with particular reference to the funnel-shaped wall. Austr. Jour. Bot.10: 76–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1965. The gametophytes of the Victorian Hymenophyllaceae. Austr. Jour. Bot.13:195–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1969. The gametophytes of the Victorian Blechnaceae—II.Doodia aspera R. Br.,D. media R. Br. andD. caudata R. Br.; a comparison with three extra-Australian generaBrainea, Sadleria andWoodwardia. Austr. Jour. Bot.17:31–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strasburger, E. 1869. Die Befruchtung bei den Farnkrautern. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.7:390–422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straszewski, H. V. 1915. Die FarngattungPlatycerium. Flora108:271–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stubner, G. 1882. Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Vorkeims der Polypodiaceen. 30th Ber. K. Realsch. und Landwirtsch Dobeln.

  • Taschner, C. F. 1943. De duabus novisTrichomanum speciebus de earum nee aliarum huis generis plantarum structure. Diss. Jena.

  • Taylor, T. 1846. New Hepaticae. London Jour. Bot.5:258–284, 365–417.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, A. P. W. 1902. An alga-like fern prothallium. Ann. Bot.16:165–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Troll, W. 1932. Brutkorper bildende Prothallien beiAntrophyum callaefolium Bl. Flora126:371–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tryon, A. F. 1947. Glandular prothalli ofNotholaena standleyi. Amer. Fern Jour.37:88–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1968. Comparisons of sexual and apogamous races in the fern genusPellaea. Rhodora70:1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Twiss, E. 1910. The prothallia ofAneimia andLygodium. Bot. Gaz.49:168–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verma, S. C. &S. P. Khullar. 1966. Ontogeny of the polypodiaceous fern antheridium with particular reference to some Adiantaceae. Phytomorphology16:302–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vladesco, A. 1931. Observations sur li developpement deScolopendrium vulgare Sm. Bull. BiMeus. Soc. Linn. Lyon10:28–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voeller, B. R. 1964. Antheridogens in ferns.In: “Régulateurs Naturels de la Croissance Vegetale,” Colloques Centre Natl. Rech. Sci., Gif-sur-Yvette, No.123:665-684.

  • Wagner, W. H., Jr. 1952. The fern genusDiellia: Its structure affinities and taxonomy. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.26:1–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, &R. A. Evers. 1963. Sterile prothallial clones (Trichomanes?) locally abundant on Illinois sand stones. Amer. Jour. Bot.50:623.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, &A. J. Sharp. 1963. A remarkably reduced vascular plant in the United States. Science142:1483–1484.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waldemann, H. 1928. Beitrage zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Prothallien euheimischer Polypodiaceen. Diss. Marburg.

  • Whittier, D. P. 1966. Induced apogamy in diploid gametophyte ofPteridium. Can. Jour. Bot.44:1717–1721.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1968. Rate of gametophyte maturation in sexual and apogamous forms ofPellaea glabella. Amer. Fern Jour.58:12–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1970. The rate of gametophyte maturation in sexual and apogamous species of ferns. Phytomorphology20:30–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, &T. A. Steeves. 1960. The induction of apogamy in the bracken fern. Can. Jour. Bot.38:925–930.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1962. Further studies on induced apogamy in ferns. Can. Jour. Bot.40:1525–1531.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkie, D. 1954. Studies on fertilization inPteridium aquilinum. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Glasgow.

  • —. 1963. Genetic analysis of variation in the bracken prothallus. Jour. Linn. Soc. (Bot.)58:333–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yabe, Y. &K. Yasui. 1913. On the life-history ofCeratopteris thalictroides Brongn. Bot. Mag. Tokyo27:233–245.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nayar, B.K., Kaur, S. Gametophytes of homosporous ferns. Bot. Rev 37, 295–396 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02859157

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02859157

Keywords

Navigation