Skip to main content
Log in

Plant embryo culture

  • Published:
The Botanical Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literature cited

  • Abraham, A., andK. Ramachandran. 1960. GrowingColocasia embryos in culture. Curr. Sci.29: 342–343.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andK. J. Thomas. 1962. A note on thein vitro culture of excised coconut embryos. Indian Coconut Jour.15: 84–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albaum, H. G. 1938. Inhibitions due to growth hormones in fern prothallia and sporophytes. Amer. Jour. Bot.25: 124–133.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allsopp, A. 1952. Experimental and analytical studies of pteridophytes. 17. The effect of various physiologically active substances on the development ofMarsilea in sterile culture. Ann. Bot.16: 165–183.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —, 1953. Experimental and analytical studies of pteridophytes. 20. Investigations onMarsilea. Ann. Bot.17: 447–463.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amemiya, A. H., H. Akemine andK. Toriyama. 1956a. Cultural conditions and growth of immature embryo in rice plant. Studies on the embryo culture in rice plant. I. Bull. Nat. Inst. Agr. Sci. D. [Tokyo]6: 1–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 1956b. The first germinative stage and varietal differences in growth response of cultured embryo in rice plant. Studies on the embryo culture in rice plant. II. Bull. Nat. Inst. Agr. Sci. D [Tokyo]6: 41–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andronescu, D. I. 1919. Germination and further development of the embryo of Zeamays separated from the endosperm. Amer. Jour. Bot.6: 443–453.

    Google Scholar 

  • Augsten, H. 1956. Wachstumsversuche mit isolierten Weizen-Embryonen. Planta48: 24–46.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bahme, R. B. 1949. Nicotinic acid as a growth factor for certain orchid embryos. Science109: 522–523.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ball, E. 1956a. Growth of the embryo ofGinkgo biloba under experimental conditions. I. Origin of the first root of the seedlingin vitro. Amer. Jour. Bot.43: 488–495.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1956b. Growth of the embryo ofGinkgo biloba under experimental conditions. Effects of a longitudinal split in the tip of the hypocotyl. Amer. Jour. Bot.43: 802–810.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1959. Growth of the embryo ofGinkgo biloba under experimental conditions. III. Growth rates of root and shoots upon media absorbed through the cotyledons. Amer. Jour. Bot.46: 130–139.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, Robert L. 1961. Adenine catabolism in pine embryos and tissue cultures. Bot. Gaz.123: 141–143.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —, andA. W. Naylor. 1962. Formation of B-alanine by pine tissues supplied with intermediates in uracil and orotic acid metabolism. Plant Physiol.37: 171–175.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartels, H. 1957. Kultur isolierter Koniferen-embryonen. Natur-wiss.44: 290–291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becquerel, P. 1931. Développement de la Fougère mâle en culture pure septique à partir de la spore. Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. [Paris]92: 1265–1268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, P. R. 1961. Failure of nucleotides to diffuse freely into the embryo ofPteridium aquilinum. Nature191: 91–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beasley, J. P. 1940. Hybridization of American 26-chromosome and Asiatic 13-chromosome species ofGossypium. Jour. Agr. Res.60: 175–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beyerle, R. 1932. Untersuchungen über Regeneration von Farne-primärblätter. Planta16: 623–665.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blakeslee, A. F., andS. Satina. 1944. New hybrids from incompatible crosses inDatura through culture of excised embryos on malt media. Science99: 331–334.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blociszweski, T. 1876. Physiologische Untersuchungen über Keimung und weitere Entwicklung einiger Samen. Jahrb. Agr.—Chem. Versta. [Halle]28: 232–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bogorad, L. 1950. Nutrition of embryos ofPinus jeffreyi. Bot. Gaz.111: 221.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonner, J. 1938. Nicotinic acid and the growth of isolated pea embryo. Plant Physiol.13: 865–868.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —, andG. Axtman. 1937. The growth of plant embryosin vitro. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. [U.S.A.]23: 453–457.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —, andD. Bonner. 1938. Ascorbic acid and the growth of plant embryos. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. [U.S.A.]24: 70–75.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouharmont, J. 1961. Embryo culture of rice on sterile medium. Euphytica10: 283–293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brink, R. A., D. C. Cooper andL. E. Ausherman. 1944. A hybrid betweenHordeum jubatum andSecale cereale reared from an artificially cultivated embryo. Jour. Hered.35: 67–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, H. T. 1906. On the culture of the excised embryos of barley on nutrient solutions containing nitrogen in different forms. Trans. Guiness Res. Lab.1: 288–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • — andG. H. Morris. 1890. Researches on the germination of some of the Gramineae. Jour. Chem. Soc.57: 458–528.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, C. L., andE. M. Gifford, Jr. 1958. The relation of the cotyledons to root development of pine embryos grownin vitro. Plant Physiol.33: 57–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buckner, J. D. andJ. H. Kastle. 1917. The growth of isolated embryos. Jour. Biol. Chem.29: 209–213.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bulard, C. 1954. Essai de cultures aseptiques de gemmules isolées deGinkgo biloba. Amer. Univ. Sarav. Sci.3: 202–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andJ. Monin. 1960a. Cultures aspeptiques de plantules de Ble separes de l’albumin action de l’acide gibberellique Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris)250: 3716–3718.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • — andJ. Monin. 1960b. Action de l’acide gibberellique sur des embryons dormants deEvonymus europaeus cultivesin vitro. Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris)250 (17): 2922–2924.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Câmara, A. 1943. Transplantacão de embriões. Agron. Lusit.5: 375–386. [Biol. Abs.20, 1946, entry 11735].

    Google Scholar 

  • de Capite, L. 1955. La coltura dei fruttiin vitro da fiori recisi diFragaria chiloensis Ehrh. ×F. virginica Duch. var. marshali e diPisum sativum L. var. zekka. Ric. Sci. Ital.25: 532–538.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carew, D. P., andA. E. Schwarting. 1958. Production of rye embryo callus. Bot. Gaz.119: 237–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, Chong Won. 1961. Effects of ionising radiation on the nucleic acids during barley embryonic development. Diss. Abs.22: 1803–1804.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1963. Comparative growth of barley embryosin vitro andin vivo. Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl.90: 385–391.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choudhury, B. 1955a. Embryo culture technique. I. The growth of immature tomato embryosin vitro. Indian Jour. Agr.12: 143–151.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1955b. Embryo culture technique. II. Embryo factors and immature tomato embryo. Indian Jour. Agr.12: 152–154.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1955c. Embryo culture technique. III. Growth of hybrid embryos (Lycopersicon esculentum ×Lycopersicon peruvianum) in culture medium. Indian Jour. Agr.12: 155–156.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cockerline, A. W. 1961. Studies on the development of barley embryos in culture. Ph. D. Thesis. Mich. State Univ.

  • Cox, E. A., G. Stotsky andR. D. Goos. 1960.In vitro culture ofMusa balbisiana Colla embryos. Nature185: 403–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cruz, R. D., andV. R. Kale. 1957. Preliminary studies of the growth rate in the excised embryos of legumes. Poona Agr. Coll. Mag.48: 37–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, J. T. 1947. Undifferentiated growth of orchid embryos on media containing barbiturates. Science.105: 128.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —, andM. A. Nichol. 1948. Culture of proliferating orchid embryosin vitro. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club.75: 358–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutter, V. M., Jr., andK. S. Wilson 1954. Effect of coconut endosperm and other growth stimulants upon the developmentin vitro of embryos ofCocos nucifera. Bot. Gaz.115: 234–240.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czosnowski, R. 1962. Metabolism of excised embryos ofLupinus luteus L. I. Effect of metabolic inhibitors and growth substances in the water uptake. Acta Soc. Bot. Polo.31: 135–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, D. Roy. 1960. The embryo culture of interspecific hybrids ofHordeum. New Phytol.59: 9–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeMaggio, A. E. 1963. Morphogenetic factors influencing the development of fern embryos. Jour. Linn. Soc. (Bot.)58: 361–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andR. H. Wetmore. 1961a. Growth of fern embryos in culture. Nature191: 94–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——, andR. H. Wetmore. 1961b. Morphogenetic studies on the fernTodea barbara III. Experimental embryology. Amer. J. Bot.48: 551–565.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devine, V. 1949. Notes on the culture ofLychnis embryos. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci.55: 95–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich, K. 1924. Ueber die Kultur von Embryonen ausserhalb des Samens. Flora117: 379–417.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doerpinghaus, S. L. 1947. Differences between species ofDatura in utilization of five carbohydrates. Amer. Jour. Bot.34: 583.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dure, L. S., andW. A. Jensen. 1957. The influence of gibberellic acid and IAA on cotton embryos cultivatedin vitro. Bot. Gaz.118: 254–261.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emsweller, S. L., andS. Asen. 1962. Tumor formation in interspecific hybrids ofLilium. Science136: 266.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Essenbeck, E., andK. Suessenguth. 1925. Über die aseptische Kultur pflanzenlicher Embryonen zugleich ein Beitrag zum Nachweis der Enzymausscheidung. Arch. Exp. Zellforsch.1: 547–590.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, J. D. 1963. The continuous culture of excised wheat roots. Physiol. Plantarum16: 585–595.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foard, D. E., andA. H. Haber. 1961. Anatomic studies of gamma-irradiated wheat growing without cell division. Amer. J. Bot.48: 438–446.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fridriksson, S., andJ. L. Bolton. 1963. Preliminary report on the culture of alfalfa embryos. Canad. Jour. Bot.41: 439–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furuya, M. 1956. Effects of vapour on methyl 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetate on growth and differentiation inPhaseolus vulgaris L. II. Behaviour of decotylated embryos in germinationin vitro and the role of cotyledons in formative response. Jap. Jour. Bot.15: 270–284.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • — andK. Soma. 1957. The effects of auxins on the development of bean embryos cultivatedin vitro. Tokyo Univ., Jour. Faculty Sci. III,7: 163–198.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ganesan, A. T., S. S. Shah andM. S. Swaminathan. 1957. Cause for the failure of seed setting in the crossCorchorus olitorius XC. capsularis. Curr. Sci.26: 292–293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardiner, M. S. 1940. The effect of beta-indole-acetic acid upon isolated plant embryos. Bull. Mt. Desert I., Biol. Lab. p. 22.

  • Gautheret, R. J. 1939. Sur la possibilité de réaliser la culture indéfinie des tissus de tubercule de Carotte. Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. [Paris]208: 118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorter, C. J. 1955.In vitro culture ofCyclamen embryos. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetens. C.58: 377–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, W. F., M. R. Bullen, andD. deNettancourt. 1962. The cytogenetics of Lotus. I. Embryo-cultured interspecific diploid hybrids closely related toL. corniculatus L. Canad. Jour. Genet. & Cytol.4: 105–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, F. G., andO. N. Purvis. 1938. Studies in vernalisàtion of cereals. II. The vernalisation of excised mature embryos and of developing ears. Ann. Bot.2: 237–251.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —, andR. S. deRopp. 1938. Vernalisation of excised embryos. Nature142: 481–482.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gris, A. 1864. Recherches anatomiques, et physiologiques sur la germination. Ann. Sci. Nat. V Bot.2: 5–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Guttenberg, H., andH. L. Wiedow. 1952. Über den Wirkstoffbedarf isolierter Hafarembryonen. Planta42: 145–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haagen-Smit, A. J., R. Siu, andG. Wilson. 1945. A method for the culturing of excised immature corn embryosin vitro. Science:101: 234.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haber, A. W., W. L. Carrier, andD. E. Foard. 1961. Metabolic studies of gamma-irradiated wheat growing without cell division; Amer. Jour. Bot.48: 431–438.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haccius, B. 1960. Experimentall induzierte Einkeimblättrigkeit beiEranthis hiemalis. II. Monokotylie durch Phenylborsaure. Planta54: 482–497.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —, andG. Trompeter. 1960. Experimentall induzierte Einkeimblättrigkeit beiEranthis hiemalis. I. Synkotylie durch 2, 4 Dichlorophenoxyessigsaure. Planta54: 466–481.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, C. B. 1948. Culture ofSolatium nigrum embryos. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.52: 343–361.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, O. L. 1956. Further experiments in embryo transplantation. Hereditas42: 261–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammerling, J. 1953. Nucleo-cytoplasmic relationships in the development ofAcetabularia. Int. Rev. Cytol.2: 475–498.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hännig, E. 1904. Zur Physiologie pflanzenlicher Embryonen. I. Über die Kultur von Cruciferen-Embryonen ausser-halb des Embryosacks. Bot. Zeit.62: 45–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, G. P. 1956. Amino acids as sources of nitrogen for the growth of isolated oat embryos. New Phytol.55: 253–268.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, F. L. 1954. Potato embryo culture. Amer. Potato Jour.31: 282–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinton, J. J. C., andT. Moran. 1957. Methionine sulphomixine and the growth of the wheat embryo. Bull. Jour. Nutrit.11: 323–328.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Honma, S. 1955. A technique for artificial culturing of bean embryos. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.65: 405–408.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hotta, Yasuo. 1960. The role of protein and ribonucleic acid in the differentiation of fern gametophyte. Jap. Jour. Bot.17: 214–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwanowskaya, E. V. 1946. Hybrid embryos of cereals grown on artificial nutrient medium. Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Doklady). [U.R.S.S.]54: 445–448. (Biol. Astr. 22: Entry 2749).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayasekhara, R. D. E., andP. R. Bell. 1959. The effect of various experimental treatments on the development of the embryo of fernThelypteris palustris. Planta54: 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansen, D. A. 1950. Plant embryology. Chronica Botanica, Waltham, Mass. U.S.A.

  • Johri, B. M. andY. P. Singh Bajaj. 1962. Behaviour of mature embryo ofDendrophthoe falcata (L. f.) Ettings.in vitro. Nature193: 194–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1963.In vitro response of embryo ofDendrophthoe. Plant tissue and organ culture—a symposium. Int. Soc. Plant Morph., Catholic Press, Ranchi, India: 293–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kandler, O. andE. Fink. 1955. Über die Abhängigkeit der synthetischen Wirkungegrodesin vitro kultivierten Embryonen von verchiedenen Aussenfaktoren. Planta45: 289–306.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keim, W. F. 1953a. An embryo culture technique for forage legumes. Agron. Jour.45: 509–510.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1953b. Interspecific hybridization inTrifolium utilizing embryo culture techniques. Agron. Jour.45: 601–606.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kent, N., andR. A. Brink. 1950. Growthin vitro of immatureHordeum embryos. Science106: 547–548.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kester, D. E. 1953. Factors affecting the aseptic culture of Lovell peach seedlings. Hilgardia22: 335–365.

    Google Scholar 

  • — andC. O. Hesse. 1955. Embryo culture of peach varieties in relation to season of ripening. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.65: 265–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan, R., andL. F. Randolph. 1960. Growth of excised embryos of wheat. (Triticum vulgare var. pb. 591) in different media with varying agar concentrations. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. [India] B.30: 391–396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kikuchi, M. 1954. Studies on the decreptitude seeds by use of embryo transplanting method. I. On the old seeds of wheat. Utsunomiya Univ. Coll. Agr. B2: 277–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, T. J., andRobert Briggs. 1956. Serial transplantation of embryonic nuclei. Symp. Quant. Biol., Cold Spring Harbor21: 271–290.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knudson, L. 1922. Nonsymbiotic germination of orchid seeds. Bot. Gaz.73: 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1950. Germination of seeds ofVanilla. Amer. Jour. Bot.37: 241–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Konzak, C. F., L. F. Randolph, andN. F. Jensen. 1951. Embryo culture of barley species hybrids. Cytological studies ofHordeum sativum ×H. bulbosum. Jour. Hered.42: 125–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruyt, W. 1951. Die Kultur von planten-embryosin vitro; plantenphysiologische en practische betekenis. Vakbl. Biol.31: 181–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1952. Effects of some plant growth substances in early growth of pea embryos in sterile culture; a study in connection with the problem of harmonisation of seeds. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetens. Proc. C55: 503–513.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laibach, F.. 1925. Das Taubwerden der Bastardsamen und die künstliche Aufzucht früh absterbender Bastard-embryonen. Zeits. Bot.17: 417–459.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1929. Ectogenesis in plants. Methods and genetic possibilities of propagating embryos otherwise dying in the seed. Jour. Hered.20: 201–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lal, M.. 1963. Experimental induction of apogamy and the control of differentiation in gametophytic callus of the mossPhyscomitrium coorgense Broth. Plant tissue and organ culture—a symposium. Int. Soc. Plant Morph. Catholic Press, Ranchi, India: 363–381.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lammerts, W. E. 1942. Embryo culture, an effective technique for shortening the breeding cycle of deciduous trees and increasing germination of hybrid seed. Amer. Jour. Bot.29: 166–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1946. Use of embryo culture in rose breeding. Plants & Gardens2: 111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lampe, L., andC. O. Mills. 1933. Growth and development of isolated endosperm and embryo of maize. Abst. paper read, Bot. Soc. Amer., Boston, Mass., U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • LaRue, C. D.. 1930. Regeneration in some American mosses. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci.11: 225–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1936. The growth of plant embryos in culture. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club.63: 365–382.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1948. Regeneration in the megagametophyte ofZamia fioridana. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club.75: 597–603.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1950. Regeneration inCycas. Amer. Jour. Bot.37: 664.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1952. Growth of the scutellum of maize in culture. Science115: 315–316.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • -LaRue, C. D.. Studies on growth and regeneration in gametophytes and sporophytes of gymnosperms. Brookhaven Nat. Lab., Symp.6: 187–208.

  • —, andG. S. Avery. 1938. The development of the embryo ofZizania aquatica in the seed and in artificial culture. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club.65: 11–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andJ. Merry. 1939. The development of maize embryos in an atmosphere of nitrogen. Amer. Jour. Bot.26: (suppl.): 18s.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, A. E. 1952. The growth of excised immature sedge embryos in culture. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club.79: 59–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1955a. Growth in culture of excised portions of lupine embryos Bot. Gaz.116: 359–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1955b. Potentially unlimited growth of lupine callus. Bot. Gaz.116: 364–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenz, L. W. 1955. Studies inIris embryo culture. I. Germination of embryos of subsection Hexapogon Benth. (Sect. Regelia Senan Dykes). Aliso3: 173–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, T. T.. 1934. The development ofGinkgo embryoin vitro. Peiping Nat. Tsing Hua Univ., Sci. Rep. B.2: 41–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andT. Shen. 1934. The effect of “pantothenic” acid on the growth of the radicle ofGinkgo embryos in artificial media. Peiping Nat. Tsing Hua Univ. Sci. Rep. B20: 53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lofland, H. B. 1950.In vitro culture of the cotton embryos. Bot. Gaz.111: 307–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loo, S. W., andF. H. Wang. 1943. The culture of young conifer embryos in vitro. Science98: 544.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maheshwari, P., andB. Baldev. 1961. Artificial production of buds from the embryos ofCuscuta reflexa. Nature191: 197–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andN. S. Ranga Swamy. 1963. Plant tissue and organ culture from the viewpoint of an embryologist. Plant tissue and organ culture —a symposium. Int. Soc. Plant Morph. Catholic Press, Ranchi, India: 390–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1958. Polyembryony andin vitro culture ofCitrus andMangifera. Indian Jour. Hort.15: 275–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsubara, S. 1962. Studies on the growth-promoting substance “embryo factor” necessary for the culture of young embryos ofDatura tatula in vitro. Bot. Mag. Tokyo75: 10–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauney, J. R. 1960. Thein vitro culture of small cotton embryos. Proc. Cottons Impr. Conf.12: 29–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1961. The culture of immature cotton embryos. Bot. Gaz.122: 205–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLean, S. W. 1945. New hybrids with the aberrant species,Datura ceratocaula, secured by embryo dissection. [Abs.] Genetics30: 14–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1946. Interspecific crosses involvingDatura ceratocaula obtained by embryo dissection. Amer. Jour. Bot.33: 630–638.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mericle, L. W., A. M. Eunus, andR. P. Mericle. 1955. Effects of maleic hydrazide on embryologie development. I.Avena sativa. Bot. Gaz.117: 142–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merry, J. 1942. Studies on the embryo ofHordeum sativum. II. The growth of the embryo in culture. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club.69: 360–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitra, J. andC. Datta. 1951. Nutritional malformations in excised embryos in jute. Science and Culture.16: 331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mizushima, U., K. Murakami, andY. Hozyo. 1955a, Influence of anomalous environmental conditions upon embryogenesis in the rice plant,Oryza sativa L. I. Histochemical observation of normal embryogenesis. Tohoku Jour. Agr. Res.6: 1–19.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1955b. Influence of anomalous environmental conditions upon embryogenesis in the rice plant,Oryza sativa L. II. Abnormal development induced by chemical substances. Tohoku J. Agr. Res.6: 179–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukerji, D. K. 1953. Embryo cultures as an aid to seed testing. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India17: 253–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murneek, A. E., andR. O. Whyte. 1948. Vernalisation and photoperiodism. A symposium. H 22–26. Waltham, Mass. U. S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muzik, T. J. 1956. Studies on the development of the embryo and seed ofHevea brasiliensis in culture. Lloydia19: 86–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakajima, T. 1962. Physiological studies of seed development, especially embryonic growth and endosperm development. Bull. Univ. Osaka Pref. Series B, Agr. & Biol.13: 13–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andH. Morishima. 1958. Studies on embryo culture in plants. II. Embryo culture of interspecific hybrids inOryza. Jap. Jour. Breed.8: 105–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Narayanaswami, S. 1957. Growth of excised grass embryos culturedin vitro. In: Maheshwari, P. [ed.] Modern Develop. Plant Physiol., Proc. Delhi Univ. Symp.: 100–103.

  • —. 1959a. Experimental studies on growth of excised grass embryosin vitro. 1. Overgrowth of the scutellum ofPennisetum embryos. Phytomorph.9: 358–367.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1959b. Experimental studies on growth of excised grass embryosin vitro. II. Effect of maleic hydrazide on embryo growth. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club.86: 248–258.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • -. 1962. Morphological variations in growth and differentiation of embryosin vitro. In: Maheshwari, Johri and Vasil, [eds.]. Proc. Summer School Bot., June 1960, Darjeeling, India: 231–239.

  • —. 1963. Studies on growth of excised grass embryos in culture. Plant tissue and organ culture—a symposium. Internat. Soc. Plant Morph., Catholic Press, Ranchi, India: 302–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newcomb, M., andR. E. Cleland. 1946. Aseptic culture of excised plant embryos. Science104: 329–330.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nickell, L. G. 1951. Embryo culture of weeping crabapple. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.57: 401–405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norstoc, K. J. 1955a. The culture of excised ovules. embryos and endosperm of certain grasses. Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. Mich.

  • —. 1955b. Responses of the oat coleorhiza to various treatments in culture. Ohio Jour. Sci.55: 340–342.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1956. The growth of barley embryos on coconut milk media. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club.83: 27–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1961. The growth and differentiation of cultured barley embryos. Amer. Jour. Bot.48: 876–884.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andJ. E. Smith. 1963. Growth of very small barley embryos on defined media. Science142: 1655–1656.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nuchowicz, A. 1955. Recherches sur la culture d’embryonsd’Archis hypogea L.I. Essais orientifs. Agricultura, [Louvain]3: 3–37.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohta, Y. andK. Furusato. 1957. Embryo culture inCitrus. Rep. Kihara Inst. Biol. Res.8: 49–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Overbeek, J. 1942a. A coconut served as a foster mother to embryos of plants. Science95: 105.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1942b. Hormonal control of embryo and seedling. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quart. Biol.10: 126–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,M. E. Conklin andA. F. Blakeslee. 1941. Factors in coconut milk essential for growth and development of very youngDatura embryos. Science94: 350–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1942. Cultivationin vitro of smallDatura embryos. Amer. Jour. Bot.29: 472–477.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,R. Siu, andA. J. Haagen-Smit. 1944. Factors affecting the growth ofDatura embryosin vitro. Amer. Jour. Bot.31: 219–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paris, D., J. Rietsema, S. Satina andA. F. Blakeslee. 1953. Effect of amino acids, especially aspartic and glutamic acids and their amides, on the growth ofDatura stramonium embryosin vitro. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. [U.S.A.]39: 1205–1212.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pieczur, E. A. 1952. Effect of tissue cultures of maize endosperm on the growth of excised maize embryos. Nature170: 241–242.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poddubnaja-Arnoldi, V. A. 1959. Study of fertilization and embryogenesis, in certain angiosperms using living material. Amer. Naturalist93: 161–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollard, J. K., E. M. Shantz andF. C. Steward. 1961. Hexitols in coconut milk: their role in nurture of dividing cells. Plant Physiol.36: 492–501.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pollock, Edward G., andWilliam A. Jensen. 1961. A cytochemical analysis of embryogenesis in higher plants. Amer. Jour. Bot.48 530.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prezent, I. I. 1954. Use of endosperm in embryo culture. Izv. Akad. Nank. [SSSR.] Ser. Biol.1: 59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabechault, H. 1962. Recherches sur la culturein vitro des embryons de palmier á huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) I. Effets de l’acide B-indolylacetique. Oleageeneux Fr.17: 757–764.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radforth, N. W. 1936. The developmentin vitro of the proembryo ofGinkgo. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada21: 87–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • — andL. C. Pegoraro. 1955. Assessment of early differentiation inPinus proembryos transplanted toin vitro conditions. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada49: 69–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raghavan, V., andJ. G. Torrey. 1963a. Growth and morphogenesis of globular and older embryos ofCapsella in culture. Amer. J. Bot.50: 540–551.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1963b. Inorganic nutrition of the embryos of the orchid,Cattleya. Amer. Jour. Bot.50: 617.

    Google Scholar 

  • Randolph, L. F. 1945. Embryo culture ofIris seed. Bull. Amer. Iris Soc.97: 33–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andL. G. Co. 1943. Factors influencing the germination ofIris seed and the relation of inhibiting substances to embryo dormancy. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.43: 284–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andRandolph, E. R.. 1955. Embryo culture ofIris seed. Bull. Amer. Iris Soc.139: 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andR. Khan. 1960. Growth response of excised mature embryos ofIris, and wheat to different culture media. Phytomorph.10: 43–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranga Swamy, N. S. 1957. In vitro culture of nucellus and embryos ofCitrus. In: Maheshwari, P. [ed.]: Modern Develop. Plant Phys. Proc. Delhi; Univ. Symp.: 104–05.

  • — 1958. Culture of nucellar tissue ofCitrus in vitro Experientia14: 111–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1959. Morphogenetic response ofCitrus ovules to growth adjuvants in culture. Nature183: 735–736.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1961. Experimental studies on female reproductive structures ofCitrus microcarpa Bunge. Phytomorph.11: 109–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao, A. N. 1963. Organogenesis in callus cultures of orchid seeds. Plant tissue and organ culture—a symposium. Internat. Soc. Plant Morph. Catholic Press. Ranchi, India: 332–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rappaport, J. 1950. A comparison of effects of nucleic acids and extracts of ovular tumors on the development ofDatura embryos. Amer. Jour. Bot.37: 682.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1954.In vitro culture of plant embryos and factors controlling their growth. Bot. Rev.20: 201–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,S. Satina, andA. F. Blakeslee. 1950. Extracts of ovular tumors and their inhibition of embryo growth inDatura. Amer. Jour. Bot.37: 586–595.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redei, G. andG. Redei. 1955. Rearing wheats from ovaries culturedin vitro. Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hungaricae2: 183–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinert, J. 1959. Über die Kontrolle der Morphogenese und die Induktion von Adventiveembryonen an Gewebekulturen aus Karotten. Planta53: 318–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rietsma, J. S. Satina, andA. F. Blakeslee. 1953a. The effect of sucrose on the growth ofDatura stramonium embryosin vitro. Amer. Jour. Bot.40: 538–548.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1953b. The effect of indole-3-acetic acid onDatura embryos. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. [U.S.A.]39: 924–933.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rijven, A. H. G. C. 1952. In vitro studies on the embryo ofCapsella bursapastoris. Acta Bot. Neerl.1: 158–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1955. Effects of glutamine, asparagine and other related compounds on thein vitro growth of embryos ofCapsella bursapastoris. Kon. Akad. Wetens. Proc. C58: 368–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1956. Glutamine and asparagine as nitrogen sources for the growth of plant embryosin vitro. A comparative study of 12 species. Austral. Jour. Biol. Sci.9: 511–527.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1958. Effects of some inorganic nitrogenous substances on growth and nitrogen assimilation of young plant embryosin vitro. Austral. Jour. Biol. Sci.11: 142–154.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rivieres, R. 1959. Sur la culturein vitro d’embryons isolés de Polypodiacées. Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. [Paris].248: 1004–1008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, S. 1948. Embryo culture of rose seeds. Amer. Rose Ann.33: 151–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabharwal, P. S. 1963.In vitro culture of ovules, nucelli and embryos ofCitrus reticulata Blanco var. Nagpuri. Plant tissue and organ culture—a symposium Internat. Soc. Plant Morph. Catholic Press, Ranchi, India: 265–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sacher, J. A. 1956. Observations on pine embryos grownin vitro. Bot. Gaz.117: 206–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, M. E. 1948. Embryo development in fourDatura species following self and hybrid pollinations. Amer. Jour. Bot.35: 525–532.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1950. Development of self and hybridDatura embryos in artificial culture. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. [U.S.A.]34: 516–526.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andP. R. Burkholder. 1948. Influence of amino acids on growth ofDatura embryos in culture. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. [U.S.A.]34: 516–526.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sapre, A. B. 1963. Utilization of embryo culture technique in rice breeding. Plant Tissue and Organ Culture—a Symposium Internat. Soc. Plant Morph. Catholic Press, Ranchi, India: 314–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schooler, A. B. 1960a. Wild barley hybrids. IIHordeum marinum ×Hordeum compressum. Jour. Hered.51: 2430246.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1960b. The effect of gibrel and gibberellic acid (K salt) in embryo culture media forHordeum vulgare. Agron. Jour.52: 411.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schopfer, W. H. 1949. Plants and vitamins. pp. 60–64. Waltham, Mass. U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen, N. K., andI. Mukhopadhyay. 1961. Studies in embryo culture of pulses. Indian Agr.5: 48–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • - andG. Verma. 1957. Cultivation of tissue fragments of embryos and seedlings of control and vernalised seeds of mustard, T 102. Proc. 44th Indian Sci. Congr. 279.

  • — 1963. Studies on embryo fragments. Plant tissue and organ culture—a symposium. Internat. Soc. Plant Morph. Catholic Press, Ranchi, India: 326–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, U. P., 1963. Raising nucellar seedlings of some Rutaceaein vitro. Plant tissue and organ culture—a symposium. Internat. Soc. Plant Morph. Catholic Press, Ranchi, India: 275–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sircar, S. M., andA. N. Lahiri. 1956. Studies on the physiology of rice. XII. Culture of excised embryos in relation to endosperm, auxin ad other growth factors. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. [India]22B: 212–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skirm, G. W. 1942. Embryo culturing as an aid to plant breeding. Jour. Hered.33: 210–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skovsted, A. 1935. Cytological studies in cotton. III. A hybrid betweenGossypium davidsonii Kell. andG. sturtii F. Muell. Jour. Genet.30: 397–406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, P. C. 1944. Embryo culture of a tomato species hybrid. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.44: 413–416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solacolu, T. andConstantinesco, D. 1936. Action de l’acide B-indolyacétique sur la développement des plantules. Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. [Paris]203: 437–440.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, B. 1950. Inhibiting effect of autoclaved malt preventing thein vitro growth ofDatura embryo. Amer. Jour. Bot.37: 1–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spoerl, E. 1948. Amino acids as sources of nitrogen for orchid embryos. Amer. Jour. Bot.35: 88–95.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sterling, C. 1949. Preliminary attempts in Larch embryo culture. Bot. Gaz.111: 90–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson, F. F. 1956. The behaviour of citrus tissues and embryosin vitro Diss. Abs. Univ. Mich.16: 2292–2293. [Biol. Abs. 31: 3256, entry 35979, 1957].

    Google Scholar 

  • Steward, F. C. 1958. Growth and organized development of cultured cells. III. Interpretation of growth from free cell to carrot plant. Amer. Jour. Bot.45: 709–713.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,M. O. Mapes, andJ. Smith. 1958a. Growth and organized development of cultured cells. I. Growth and division of freely suspended cells Amer. Jour. Bot.45: 694–703.

    Google Scholar 

  • —— andK. Mears, 1958b. Growth and organized development of cultured cells. II. Organization in cultures grown from freely suspended cells. Amer. Jour. Bot.45: 705–708.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andH. Y. Mohan Ram. 1961. Determining factors in cell growth. Some implications for morphogenesis in plants. In: Bracht, J. and M. Abercrombie. [eds.]:Advances in Morphogenesis. Vol. I: Academic Press Inc., New York and London.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,E. M. Shantz, J. K. Pollard, M. O. Mapes, andJ. Mitra. 1961. Growth induction in explanted cells and tissues. In: Rudnick [ed.]:Molecular and Cellular Structure (19th Symposium, Soc. for Study. Dev. and Growth) Ronald Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,M. O. Mapes, andA. E. Kent. 1963. Carrot plants from cultured cells: New evidence for the totipotency of somatic cells. Amer. Jour. Bot.50: 618.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, withM. O. Mapes, A. E. Kent, andR. D. Holsten. 1964. Growth and development of cultured plant cells, Science143: 20–27.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • -,L. M. Blakely, A. E. Kent, andM. O. Mapes. 1964. Growth and organization in free cell cultures. Brookhaven Growth Symposium Biol. (in press). (Paper presented at the Brookhaven Growth Symposium, June, 1963).

  • Stingl, G. 1907. Experimentelle Studie über die Entstehung von pflanzenlichen Embryonen. Flora97: 308–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, E. C. andJ. W. Duffield. 1950. Hybrids of sugarpine by embryo culture. Jour. For.48: 200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Street, H. E., J. C. Hughes, andJ. S. Lewis. 1960. Studies on the growth of excised roots. X. Individual amino acids and acid-hydrolysed casein as nitrogen sources for the growth of excised tomato roots. New Phytologist59: 273–287.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Studhalter, R. A. 1938. Independence of sporophyte inRiella andSphaero- carpos. Ann. Bryol., [Hague]11: 153–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, K. J. 1963. Effect of colchicine on embryos ofChlorophytum laxum grownin vitro. Plant tissue and organ culture—a symposium. Internat. Soc. Plant Morph. Catholic Press, Ranchi, India: 316–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, R. B. 1934. Modification of the form of the haustorium inMarsilea on development in culture fluid. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada20: 69–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Tieghem,Ph. 1873. Recherches Physiologiques sur la Germination. Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon17: 205–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tukey, H. B. 1933. Artificial culture of sweet cherry embryos. Jour. Hered.24: 7–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1934. Artificial culture methods for isolated embryos of deciduous fruits. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.32: 313–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1938. Growth patterns of plants developed from immature embryos in artificial culture. Bot. Gaz.99: 630–665.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1944. The excised-embryo method of testing the germinability of fruit seed with particular reference to Peach seed. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.45: 211–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uttaman, P. 1949a. Culturing of proembryos of normal diploid corn (maize) aged 3–7 days. Curr. Sci.18: 215–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1949b. Embryo culture to obtain F1 plants of incompatible crosses in corn (maize). Curr. Sci.18: 297–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasil, V. 1963.In vitro culture of embryos ofGnetum ula Brongn. Plant tissue and organ culture—a symposium. Internat. Soc. Plant Morph. Catholic Press, Ranchi, India: 278–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veen, H. 1961. The effect of gibberellic acid on the embryo growth ofCapsella bursa-pastoris. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetens. C,64: 79–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1962. Preliminary report on effects of kinetin on embryonic growthin vitro ofCapsella embryos. Acta. Bot. Neerl.11: 228–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vladesco, M. A. 1935. Recherches morphologiques et expérimentales sur l’embryogenie l’organogenie des fougères Leptosporangées. Rev. Gen. Bot.,47: 422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voss, H. 1939. Nachweis des inaktiven Wuchsstoffes, eines Wuchsstoffantagonisten und deren wachstumsregulatorische Bedeutung. Planta30: 252–285.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, M. 1950. Fertilization and morphogenetic variations of the embryo ofPolypodeum L. Unpubl. Thesis, Harvard University. [Cited in Wardlaw, 1955].

  • — andR. H. Wetmore. 1954. Experimental control of development in the embryo of the fern,Phlebodium aureum. Amer. Jour. Bot.41: 428–435.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wardlaw, C. 1955. Embryogenesis in plants. Methuen London, pp. 381.

  • Warmke, H. E., Rivera-Perez, andJ. A. Ferrer-Monge. 1946. The culture of sugarcane embryosin vitro. Inst. Trop. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico. 4th Ann. Rep. of the Director: 22–23.

  • Webster, G. I. 1955. Interspecific hybridization ofMelilotus alba XM. officinalis using embryo culture. Agron. Jour.47: 138–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werckmeister, P. 1934. Über die künstliche Aufzucht von Embryonen ausIris Bastardsamen. Gartenbauwiss.8: 607.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wetherell, D. F., andW. Halperin. 1963. Embryogenesis in callus tissue culture of wild carrot. Amer. Jour. Bot.50: 619.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andG. Morel. 1951. Sur la culture du gametophyte deSelaginella. Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci., [Paris]233: 430–431.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wetter, C. 1952. Beitrag zum Polaritatsproblem bei leptosporangiate Farne. Biol. Zentral.71: 109. [Cited in Wardlaw, 1955].

    Google Scholar 

  • White, P. R. 1932. Plant tissue cultures. A preliminary report of results obtained in culturing certain plant meristems. Arch. Exp. Zellf.12: 602–620.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, J. E., andA. M. Srb. 1950. Inhibition of growth in maize embryo by canavanine and its reversal. Bot. Gaz.112: 52–57.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamasaki, Y. 1947. The growth of embryo transplanted between different species and genera of cereal crops. Jap. Jour. Genet.22: 33–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziebur, N. K., R. A. Brink, L. H. Graf, andM. H. Starman. 1950. The effect of casein hydrolysate on the growthin vitro of immatureHordeum embryos. Amer. Jour. Bot.37: 144–148.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • — andR. A. Brink. 1951. The stimulative effect ofHordeum endosperms on the growth of immature plant embryosin vitro. Amer. Jour. Bot.38: 253–256.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zenkteler, M., A. C. Hilderbrandt andD. C. Cooper. 1961. Growthin vitro of mature and immature carrot embryos. Phyton17: 125–128.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Narayanaswami, S., Norstog, K. Plant embryo culture. Bot. Rev 30, 587–628 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858652

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858652

Keywords

Navigation