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Alarm systems in higher plants

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Abstract

The defenses of higher plants against a variety of biotic and abiotic stress agents can be grouped into two categories: Preformed and Induced. Induced defensive responses by the plant, or “alarms”—the subject of the present review—can be localized or systemic. Certain alarms, especially those which are induced by necrotizing pathogens, are protective against a wide variety of biotic stress agents. Other responses appear protective but the degree of host plant involvement is unclear. Finally, there are a few induced plant responses which, although protective, do not easily fit our criteria of an “alarm.” Oligosaccharins may be involved as signals in both anti-herbivore and anti-pathogen alarm systems. Other specific components of plant alarms appear to be induced by only one type of stress agent. The specificity of protection, mechanisms of various alarms and comparisons between them are presented.

Резюме

Защиты высших растений от разнообразия биотических и абиотических напряжений распределяются по двум категориям: собственным и индуцированным. Последние индуцированные защитные реакции растения (так называемые “тревоги,” которые представляют собой тему настоящей рецензии) в свою очередь группируются на локальные и систематические. Некоторые реакции, особенно те, которые вызываются смертоносными патогенами, защищают от большого разнообразия биотических напряжений. С другой стороны, некоторые индивидуальные тревоги можно вызывать разными биотическими напряжениями. Другие реакции кажутся защитными, но степень участия растения-хозяина неясна. Наконец немногие индивидуальные реакции, хотя и являются защитным и, нелегко соответствуют нашему определению “тревоги.” Возможно, что олигосахарины участвуют в качестве сигналов и в антитравоядных и в антипатогенных системах тревожных сигналов. Кажется, что другие отдельные составные части систем тревожных сигналов вызываются всего одним типом напряжения. В рецензии и представляются специфичность защиты, механизмы разных “тревог” и сравнения между ними.

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  1. Allan E. Zipf

    Present address: USDA-ARS, Box 5367, 39762, Mississippi State, Mississippi

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  1. Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 59812, Missoula, Montana, USA

    Meyer Chessin & Allan E. Zipf

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Chessin, M., Zipf, A.E. Alarm systems in higher plants. Bot. Rev 56, 193–235 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858325

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