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Effect of temperature and photoperiod on symptoms associated with resistance toPhytophthora infestans after leaf penetration in susceptible and resistant potato cultivars

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Abstract

The effect of temperature and photoperiod on the expression of resistance against Phytophthora infestans in five potato cultivars with and without resistance (R) genes was investigated. Four experiments were carried out under controlled conditions in growth chambers. Two cultivars (393295.236 and 391046.22) without known R genes from the International Potato Center (CIP) in Lima, Peru, two Mexican cultivars with major R genes (Tollocan and Malinche), and a susceptible cultivar (Atlantic) were used in this study. Plants were grown for 32 days in growth chambers at two temperatures (16 and 24 C) and two photoperiods (12 and 16 h day length), then inoculated with a compatible isolate of P. infestans and incubated in a mist chamber at 18 C. The inoculation efficiency, the percentage of lesions that did not grow beyond the inoculation spot, the sporangia density, and the AUDPC were recorded. The percentage of arrested lesions decreased with temperature in the two most resistant cultivars (393295.236 and Malinche), and the AUDPC was lower at 16 than at 24 C in four of the five cultivars. The inoculation efficiency and the sporangia density were not affected by change in temperature. Sporangia density increased at 16 h photoperiod; however, the final infected leaf area was not affected. Our results demonstrate that the expression of horizontal and vertical resistance was affected by temperature; however, the relative resistance ranking among cultivars was the same in the four experiments with different temperatures and photoperiods. It is assumed that the resistance in the Mexican cultivars may be conferred by minor resistance genes and by the residual effect of defeated R genes. These results emphasize the difficulty in differentiating between horizontal and vertical resistance.

Resumen

El efecto de temperatura y fotoperíodo sobre la expresión de resistencia contra Phytophthora infestans tue investigada en cinco cultivares de papa con y sin genes de resistencia (R). Se hicieron cuatro experimentos en una cámara de crecimiento bajo condiciones controladas. Dos cultivares (393295.236 y 391046.22) del Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP) Lima, Perú, dos cultivares mexicanos con genes mayores (R) (Tollocan y Malinche) y un cultivar susceptible (Atlantic) se usaron en este estudio. Las plantas se hicieron crecer por 32 dias en cámaras de crecimiento a dos temperaturas (16 y 24 C) y dos fotoperíodos (12 y 16 horas de longitud del día); fueron inoculadas con un aislamiento compatible de P. infestans e incubadas en una cámara de crecimiento a 18 C provista de vapor, y se registró la eficiencia de inoculación, porcentaje de lesiones que no crecieron más allá del punto de inoculación, densidad de esporangios y AUDPC. El porcentaje de lesiones que no crecieron aumentó con la temperatura en dos de los cultivares más resistentes (393295.236 y Malinche) y el AUDPC fue más bajo a 16 que a 24 C en cuatro de los cinco cultivares. La eficiencia de la inoculación y la densidad de esporangios no se afectó por cambios de temperatura. La densidad de esporangios aumentó a 16 horas de fotoperíodo; sin embargo, el área final de hoja infectada no se afectó. Nuestros resultados demuestran que la temperatura afectó la expresión de las resistencias vertical y horizontal; sin embargo, la categorización de la resistencia relativa entre cultivares fue la misma en los cuatro experimentos con temperatura y fotoperíodos diferentes. Se asume que la resistencia en cultivares mexicanos puede ser conferida por genes menores y por el efecto residual de los genes R vencidos. Estos resultados enfatizan la dificultad de diferenciar la resistencia horizontal de la vertical.

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Correspondence to W. W. Kirk.

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Rubio-Covarrubias, O.A., Douches, D.S., Hammerschmidt, R. et al. Effect of temperature and photoperiod on symptoms associated with resistance toPhytophthora infestans after leaf penetration in susceptible and resistant potato cultivars. Am. J. Pot Res 82, 139–146 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02853651

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