Abstract
A third generation wave model was developed to simulate wind waves in the South China Sea near Hong Kong. The model solves the energy conservation equation of the two dimensional wave spectrum by directly computing the nonlinear energy interaction among waves of different frequencies, thus avoiding the imposition of restrictions on the shape of the predicted spectra. The use of an upwind difference scheme in the advective terms produces an artificial diffusion which partly compensates the dispersive effect due to the phase velocity differences among various wave components. The use of a semi-implicit scheme for the source terms together with a special treatment of the high frequency tail of the spectrum allows a large time integration step. Verification of the model was done for wave hindcasting studies under conditions of two typhoons and two cold fronts in the north part of the South China Sea near Hong Kong. The model results agree well with the field measurements except that the presence of a distant swell could not be accounted for, and indicate that an accurate modelling of the wind field is essential.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Booij, N. and Holthuijsen, L. H., 1987. Propagation of ocean waves in discrete spectral models.J. Comput. Phys. 68: 307–326.
Chen J. C. et al., 1987. The measurement and analysis of waves under typhoon conditions in the coastal waters of Hong Kong. Technical Report, Department of Civil & Structural Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic 68pp.
Chen J. C. et al., 1990. The measurement and analysis of waves cold-front conditions in the coastal waters of Hong Kong. Technical Report, Department of Civil & Structural Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic 25pp.
Hasselmann, K., 1960. Basic equations for sea wave forecasting,Schiffstechnik 7: 191–195 (in German).
Hasselmann, K. et al., 1973. Measurements of wind-wave growth and swell decay during the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP).Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z. A8(12): 95 (in German).
Hasselmann, S. and Hasselmann K., 1985. Computations and parameterizations of the nonlinear energy transfer in a gravity-wave spectrum. Part I: A new method for efficient computations of the exact nonlinear transfer integral.J. Phys. Oceanogr. 15: 1369–1377.
Hasselmann, S. et al., 1985. Computations and parameterizations of the nonlinear energy transfer in a gravity-wave spectrum. Part II. Parameterizations of the nonlinear energy transfer for application in wave models.J. Phys. Oceanogr. 15: 1378–1391.
Roache, P. J., 1976. Computational Fluid Dynamics, Hermosa Publishers, Albuquerque, New Mexico 446 pp.
Snyder, R. L., et al., 1981. Array measurements of atmospheric pressure fluctuations above surface gravity waves.J. Fluid Mech. 102: 1–59.
The SWAMP (Sea Wave Modelling Project) group, 1985. An intercomparison study of wind wave prediction models. Part I: Principal results and conclusions.In: Ocean Wave Modelling, Plenum Press, New York 256 pp.
The WAMDI group, 1988. The WAM model—a third generation ocean wave prediction model.J. Phys. Oceanogr. 18: 1775–1810.
Wu, J., 1982. Wind-stress coefficients over sea surface from breeze to hurricane.J. Geophys. Res. 87: 9704–9706.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and a grant from the Hong Kong Polytechnic.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wenzhi, W., Junchang, C., Manqiu, L. et al. Wind waves simulation in the north area of the South China Sea. Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 10, 107–118 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02844742
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02844742