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Elevated temperature fatigue with hold time in a low alloy steel: A predictive correlation

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Journal of Materials for Energy Systems

Abstract

An environmental fatigue interaction (EFI) correlation is developed to predict the effects of hold periods on fatigue life at elevated temperatures for 2 1/4Cr-1Mo alloy steel tested in air. The physical basis for the model encompasses effects resulting from changes in interaction solid solution hardening (ISSH) and those effects induced by the oxidizing environment. The predictions from the correlation compare very favorably with all available experimental data. It is shown that other methods commonly used to predict the effects of hold time on fatigue life are based on damage mechanisms which are not appropriate to this alloy, and thus should not be used to extrapolate the shortterm laboratory data to service conditions. The information necessary to continue the development of this EFI correlation is discussed.

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Abbreviations

∈:

strain rate

Δ∈T :

total strain range

Δ∈p :

plastic strain range

T:

temperature

t:

time

tc :

time for one fatigue cycle

tT :

time for the tension half of one fatigue cycle

Nf :

number of cycles to failure

Nn :

number of cycles to crack initiation

Np :

number of cycles for crack propagation

m:

metal loss in oxidation

h:

oxide thickness

ρ:

density

∈ 0 f :

tensile strain to fracture the oxide

γ1 :

constant proportional to the surface energy density required to form a crack in the oxide

E:

Young’s Modulus

N EFI f :

cycles to failure predicted by the EFI correlation

∈ 0 T :

tensile strain in the oxide

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Author information

Author notes

  1. K. D. Challenger (Research Associate, Assistant Professor)

    Present address: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA

    K. D. Challenger (Research Associate, Assistant Professor) & A. K. Miller (Associate Professor)

  2. U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA

    R. L. Langdon (Graduate Student)

Authors
  1. K. D. Challenger
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  2. A. K. Miller
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  3. R. L. Langdon
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Challenger, K.D., Miller, A.K. & Langdon, R.L. Elevated temperature fatigue with hold time in a low alloy steel: A predictive correlation. JMES 3, 51–61 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02833529

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